Ethical Costs vs Scientific Benefits
- Created by: ScarlettsRevision
- Created on: 18-05-16 17:41
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- Ethical Costs vs Scientific Benefits
- Johnson's 'Monster Study'
- 22 orphans subject to either positive reinforcement or negative criticism for their school progress
- Scientific Benefits:
- demonstrates how children react to either positive or negative learning
- HOWEVER
- applied to education so children can learn in the best way possible
- HOWEVER
- applied to education so children can learn in the best way possible
- demonstrates how children react to either positive or negative learning
- Ethical Costs
- vulnerable participants
- HOWEVER
- no informed consent
- long term psychological harm - some retained speech problems for the rest of their life
- •The sample was small at only 22 and all the children were orphans. They have already had a difficult start in life which could have affected their development and the way they respond to criticism.
- no informed consent
- HOWEVER
- long term psychological harm - some retained speech problems for the rest of their life
- not aware of right to withdraw
- vulnerable participants
- Scientific Benefits:
- 22 orphans subject to either positive reinforcement or negative criticism for their school progress
- David Reimer
- at 8 months old his penis was badly burnt - Dr. Money decided that he could be raised as a girl since he firmly believed that gender identity was an outcome of environmental factors
- Bruce became Brenda but found out truth when 15yo
- when he was 38 David committed suicide after suffering from years of depression
- Scientific benefits
- Gender identity CANNOT be learnt - it is biological
- HOWEVER
- Gender identity CANNOT be learnt - it is biological
- Ethical Costs
- didn't recieve sufficient therapy
- only 8 months - unaware of study so no right to withdraw
- HOWEVER
- no informed consent
- long term psychological harm
- •This was a case study and therefore any findings only relate to this unique individual case and shouldn’t be generalised to everyone.
- HOWEVER
- no informed consent
- long term psychological harm
- Scientific benefits
- when he was 38 David committed suicide after suffering from years of depression
- Bruce became Brenda but found out truth when 15yo
- at 8 months old his penis was badly burnt - Dr. Money decided that he could be raised as a girl since he firmly believed that gender identity was an outcome of environmental factors
- Landis
- tested to see if we have universal facial expressions by subjecting ppts to carious stimuli that would produce a strong reaction
- E.g. smell ammonia, look at *********** and put hand in bucket of frogs
- then told to kill rat by beheading it
- 1/3 refused so Landis did it for them
- Scientific Benefits
- if proven correct it could establish universal facial expressions
- no one could lie in court
- HOWEVER
- no one could lie in court
- Lab experiment – artificial setting – lacks ecological validity. Also participants may have shown demand characteristics therefore lacking in internal validity also.
- if proven correct it could establish universal facial expressions
- Ethical costs
- right to withdraw
- animal abuse
- psychological harm
- informed consent
- HOWEVER
- right to withdraw
- animal abuse
- Scientific Benefits
- 1/3 refused so Landis did it for them
- then told to kill rat by beheading it
- E.g. smell ammonia, look at *********** and put hand in bucket of frogs
- tested to see if we have universal facial expressions by subjecting ppts to carious stimuli that would produce a strong reaction
- Intro
- Double obligation Dilemma
- ensure ppts leave study in the same state as to which they entered
- Need to find balance
- seek and share knowledge which will better the human race
- Need to find balance
- seek and share knowledge which will better the human race
- ensure ppts leave study in the same state as to which they entered
- Double obligation Dilemma
- Johnson's 'Monster Study'
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