Chemistry AS CI 5.1 ES
- Created by: A.B.
- Created on: 17-02-14 10:31
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- ES Ions in Solids and Solutions CI 5.1
- Structure of an ionic lattice: sodium chloride
- Consists of Sodium ions (Na+) each surrounded by six Chloride ions (Cl-)
- Ions are held together by oppositely charged ions.
- Allows a giant ionic lattice to be built up
- Similar electrostatic bonds hold all ionic lattices together.
- Lattice structure is simple cubic.
- Some ionic crystals contain water molecules
- Sit within lattice and are known as 'water of crystallisation'
- Crystals are said to be hydrated
- Consists of Sodium ions (Na+) each surrounded by six Chloride ions (Cl-)
- Ionic Substances in Solution
- Many ionic compounds dissolve in water without difficulty.
- As they disolve, the ions become surrounded by water molecules and they spread throughout the solution.
- Water is a polar molecule with a bent shape.
- The positive hydrogen atoms in water are attracted to the negative ions and the negative oxygen atoms are attracted to the positive ions.
- Each ion is surrounded by its own sphere of water molecules - this process is known as hydration.
- Water is a polar molecule with a bent shape.
- The hydrated ions are randomly arranged and behave independently.
- As they disolve, the ions become surrounded by water molecules and they spread throughout the solution.
- Ionic Equations
- Ions in solution behave independently.
- Ions that are not involved in the reaction are called spectator ions and are omitted from the ionic equation.
- Will ionic precipitation reactions take place when two solutions are mixed?
- All NITRATES are SOLUBLE in water
- All Chlorides are soluble in water (except SILVER and LEAD CHLORIDE)
- All Sulphates are soluble in water (except BARIUM, LEAD and STRONTIUM)
- All SODIUM, POTASSIUM and AMMONIUM salts are SOLUBLE in water
- All carbonates are insoluble in water (except AMMONIUM and GROUP 1)
- Neutralisation ionic equation
- H+ (aq) + OH- (aq) -> H2O (l)
- Ions in solution behave independently.
- Many ionic compounds dissolve in water without difficulty.
- Structure of an ionic lattice: sodium chloride
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