Equilibrium
- Created by: dgavan
- Created on: 22-05-19 15:13
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- Equilibrium
- Kc
- Kc = [products]^p /[reactants]^r
- Units: write out expression but with the moldm^-3 units for the conc and cancel out to get Kc units
- Two types of equilibria: homogeneous vs heterogeneous
- Homogeneous
- When all species are in the same physical state; all species get included in Kc
- Heterogeneous
- When some species are a diff physical state to others; only aq and gaseous are included in the Kc as the others are judged to have a constant state
- Homogeneous
- To calculate from exp.al data, draw a RICE table; Ratio, Initial mols, Change in mols, End mols
- Dont forget that at the start (i.e. initial mols), there's gonna be 0 mols of the RHS stuff of the eqn
- Magnitude of change is proportional to stoichiometric ratios; just reverse the sign for the other half of the eqn
- Kp
- An eq constant used for gases only
- This is because it's easier to measure pressure than conc
- Mole fraction (x) = mols of gas/ total mols of gas mixture
- Partial pressure (p) = mole fraction x total pressure
- Kp = partial pressure (products)^a/partial pressure (reactants)^b
- e.g. for H2(g) +I2(g) ->(eq) 2HI(g)...
- Kp = p(HI)^2 / p(H2) x p(I2)
- e.g. for H2(g) +I2(g) ->(eq) 2HI(g)...
- An eq constant used for gases only
- Controlling the position of eq
- Kc/Kp tells us the position of eq
- When K = 1, [products] = [reactants]
- When K > 1, [products] > [reactants]
- When K < 1, [products] < [reactants]
- Only temp can affect K; it's not affected by pressure, conc or any catalysts
- Catalysts get you to eq quicker, but don't change it
- If rxn is exo (i.e. heat is a product) then increasing temp will decrease K and so decrease eq yield of products
- Now that K has decreased, the ratio of [P]/[R] is too product-heavy, so to make up the new K value, eq shifts to the LHS to make more reactants
- If rxn is endo (i.e. heat is a reactant) then as temp increases, K increases and so increase eq yield of products
- Now that K has increased, the ratio of [P]/[R] is too reactant heavy; the eq must shift to the RHS to make more products to make it up to the new K value
- What happens when we change conc?
- If we increase [R] (denominator), the system is knocked out of eq, BUT K can't be messed up by conc, so to keep K the same, we need to increase the numerator i.e. [P]
- So... eq shifts to RHS to keep K the same
- If we increase [R] (denominator), the system is knocked out of eq, BUT K can't be messed up by conc, so to keep K the same, we need to increase the numerator i.e. [P]
- What happens when we change pressure?
- When pressure increases, all the partial pressures in Kp are affected. If the numerator has a higher total power, then the ratio between [P]/[R] is too P heavy (and vice versa)
- So... eq shifts to LHS here to make more reactants to keep Kp the same
- When pressure increases, all the partial pressures in Kp are affected. If the numerator has a higher total power, then the ratio between [P]/[R] is too P heavy (and vice versa)
- Kc/Kp tells us the position of eq
- Kc
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