Enzymes and digestion
- Created by: Nadia123
- Created on: 24-03-14 17:20
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- Enzymes and digestion
- Starch, proteins and fats are BIG molecules so can't pass through the walls of the digestive system.
- Sugars, amino acids, glycerol and fatty acids are much smaller so can easily pass through the walls of the digestive system
- The digestive system breaks down big molecules into smaller ones
- Sugars, amino acids, glycerol and fatty acids are much smaller so can easily pass through the walls of the digestive system
- Amylase converts starch into sugars such as Maltose
- It is made in 3 places: The salivary glands, the pancreas and the small intestine
- Protease converts proteins into amino acids
- It is made in 3 places: the stomach, the pancreas and the small intestine
- Lipase converts lipids into glycerol and fatty acids
- It is made in 2 places: the pancreas and the small intestine
- Bile neutralises the stomach acid and emulsifies fats
- produced in the liver stored in the gall bladder before it's released into the small intestine
- hydrochloric acid in stomach makes conditions acidic bile is alkaline so neutralises conditions enzymes in small intestine work best in alkaline conditions
- breaks down fats into tiny droplets so there is a bigger surface area for the enzyme lipase to work on makes digestion faster
- produced in the liver stored in the gall bladder before it's released into the small intestine
- Enzymes used in the digestive system are produced by specialised cells in glands an in the gut lining
- Enzymes are biological catalysts
- Enzymes have special shapes so they can catalyse reactions
- Enzymes need the right temperature and pH
- Increasing temperature increases rate of reaction until a certain point, if it gets too hot the enzyme will denature enzymes in the human body normally work best at 37 degrees c
- pH can denature the enzyme all enzymes have an optimum pH often pH 7 but not always e.g. pepsin breaks down protein in the stomach works best at pH 2
- Starch, proteins and fats are BIG molecules so can't pass through the walls of the digestive system.
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