Enzymes
- Created by: Lohita
- Created on: 04-04-14 10:03
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- Enzymes
- Definition: Enzymes are biological catalysts
- Catalysts are substances that increase the rate of chemical reactions without being used up
- The active site of the enzyme is the part with a specific shape, where the substrate sits. The enzyme is specific to the substrate.
- The shape of the active site allows this specificity.
- If the shape of the enzyme changes, the active site may no longer work.
- We say the enzyme has been denatured.
- If the shape of the enzyme changes, the active site may no longer work.
- The shape of the active site allows this specificity.
- Factors affecting enzymes
- Temperature: A reaction can happen at a quicker rate if the temperature is high
- There is a limit to how far you can raise the temperature as the cells can get damaged.
- This is called the optimum temperature.
- Enzymes in the human body work at about 37 degrees.
- This is called the optimum temperature.
- There is a limit to how far you can raise the temperature as the cells can get damaged.
- pH: Changes in pH alter an enzyme's shape. Different enzymes work best at different pH values.
- Enzymes in the stomach have an optimum pH of about 2.
- Temperature: A reaction can happen at a quicker rate if the temperature is high
- Some enzymes work outside body cells
- Biological and non-biological detergents
- Biological: - More effective at low temps than other types of detergents
- - may contain protein-digesting and fat digesting enzymes (protease and lipase)
- Advantages: - Can be used at lower temperatures (environment)
- - cheaper to run as less energy is used to increase temperature
- Disadvantages: - affected by surroundings (pH)
- - 40 degrees is the optimum temp, can't go higher as enzymes are denatured
- - can cause skin irritation
- - 40 degrees is the optimum temp, can't go higher as enzymes are denatured
- Non-biological: - does not contain enzymes which break down stain and dirt whilst in the wash
- Biological: - More effective at low temps than other types of detergents
- Enzymes in industry
- Isomerase is used to convert glucose syrup into fructose syrup
- Isomerase reduces sugar in people's diets and is used in slimming food
- Protease is used in baby-food to 'pre-diges' some of the protein and it makes I easier for a baby's digestive system
- Carbohydrase is used to convert starch into sugar (glucose) syrup and provides a cheap source of sweetness
- Isomerase is used to convert glucose syrup into fructose syrup
- Definition: Enzymes are biological catalysts
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