Enzymes in biology b2

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  • Enzymes
    • Catalysts
      • Not alterred
      • speed up reactions
    • In the body
      • Amylase: starch ====> glucose
        • pancreas and small intestine
          • Lipase:      lipids ====> fatty acids
          • Protease:                     proteins ==> amino acids
            • stomach: pepsin
        • salivary glands
      • Lipase:      lipids ====> fatty acids
      • Protease:                     proteins ==> amino acids
        • stomach: pepsin
    • Made of proteins
      • antibodies
      • hormones
      • building blocks
    • need optimum conditions
      • Temperature
        • denature/ damage
          • Ph level
            • Bile
              • produced in liver
              • stored in gall bladder
              • released into small intestine
              • alkali neutralize stomach acids
      • Ph level
        • Bile
          • produced in liver
          • stored in gall bladder
          • released into small intestine
          • alkali neutralize stomach acids
    • used in industry
      • bio detergents
        • break down bio material: food, blood
        • effective at working in lower temperatures
        • eg lipase, protease
      • change foods
        • baby foods broken down
        • carbohydrase: starch syrup => sugar syrup
        • isomerase: glucose => fructose
      • good
        • specific
        • lower temperature = lower costs
        • work long time
        • biodegradable
      • bad
        • allergies
        • expensive
        • contamination
        • denatured, temp, poisons, ph

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