Enzymes
- Created by: olivia_viney
- Created on: 04-02-16 17:15
View mindmap
- Enzymes
- Proteins, catalysts and enzymes
- protein molecules are made of chains of amino acids
- Proteins can be: muscles, hormones, antibodies, catalysts
- Chemical reactions in cells are controlled by enzymes
- Enzymes are biological catalysts
- Enzymes are large proteins and its shape is vital for its function. `active site`
- Enzymes can: build large molecules from smaller ones, change one molecule into another one, break down large molecules into smaller ones
- Factors affecting enzyme action
- Reactions take place faster when its warmer
- Molecules move around more quickly, colliding more frequently
- If the temp gets too hot the enzyme stops working because the shape changes.
- Enzyme becomes denatured
- Enzymes in digestion
- Produced by specialised cells in glands and lining of the gut.
- Involved the breakdown of large molecules
- Amylase (a carbohydrase)- produced by salivary glands, pancreas and small intestine.
- Catalyses the digestion of starch into sugars in the mouth and small intestine
- Protease- produced by the stomach, pancreas and small intestine. Catalyses the breakdown of proteins into amino acids in the stomach.
- Lipase- produced by pancreas and small intestine. Lipase catalyses the breakdown of lipids (fats and oils) to fatty acids and glycerol.
- Enzymes
- Proteins, catalysts and enzymes
- protein molecules are made of chains of amino acids
- Proteins can be: muscles, hormones, antibodies, catalysts
- Chemical reactions in cells are controlled by enzymes
- Enzymes are biological catalysts
- Enzymes are large proteins and its shape is vital for its function. `active site`
- Enzymes can: build large molecules from smaller ones, change one molecule into another one, break down large molecules into smaller ones
- Factors affecting enzyme action
- Reactions take place faster when its warmer
- Molecules move around more quickly, colliding more frequently
- If the temp gets too hot the enzyme stops working because the shape changes.
- Enzyme becomes denatured
- Enzymes in digestion
- Produced by specialised cells in glands and lining of the gut.
- Involved the breakdown of large molecules
- Amylase (a carbohydrase)- produced by salivary glands, pancreas and small intestine.
- Catalyses the digestion of starch into sugars in the mouth and small intestine
- Protease- produced by the stomach, pancreas and small intestine. Catalyses the breakdown of proteins into amino acids in the stomach.
- Lipase- produced by pancreas and small intestine. Lipase catalyses the breakdown of lipids (fats and oils) to fatty acids and glycerol.
- Reactions take place faster when its warmer
- Speeding up digestion
- Protease- work best in acid conditions. Glands in the stomach wall produce hydrochloric acid to create a very acidic condition.
- Amylase and lipase- work in the small intestine. Condition's are slightly alkaline.
- Making use of enzymes
- Biological detergents contain protease and lipase that digest food stains.
- Proteases are used to pre-digest proteins in baby food.
- Isomerase is used to convert glucose syrup into fructose syrup.
- Carbohydrates are used to convert starch into sugar syrup.
- Advantages: can remove stains, used in medicines, cost of equipment into industries an be reduced.
- Disadvantages: may enter waterways, can be costly to produce, denature at high temps, proteases digest wool.
- Proteins, catalysts and enzymes
- Reactions take place faster when its warmer
- Speeding up digestion
- Protease- work best in acid conditions. Glands in the stomach wall produce hydrochloric acid to create a very acidic condition.
- Amylase and lipase- work in the small intestine. Condition's are slightly alkaline.
- Making use of enzymes
- Biological detergents contain protease and lipase that digest food stains.
- Proteases are used to pre-digest proteins in baby food.
- Isomerase is used to convert glucose syrup into fructose syrup.
- Carbohydrates are used to convert starch into sugar syrup.
- Advantages: can remove stains, used in medicines, cost of equipment into industries an be reduced.
- Disadvantages: may enter waterways, can be costly to produce, denature at high temps, proteases digest wool.
- Proteins, catalysts and enzymes
Comments
No comments have yet been made