B2 Enzymes
- Created by: EllenMIW
- Created on: 31-12-15 17:45
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- Enzymes
- Proteins
- Act as...
- Structural components of tissues and muscles
- Hormones
- Antbodies
- Catalysts
- Act as...
- Enzymes
- Type of protein
- Shape is vital
- High temperatures change shape
- Different enzymes work best at different pH values
- Digestive enzymes
- Produced by specialised glands in lining of gut
- Pass into gut
- Catalyse breakdown of large molecules into smaller molecules
- Amylase
- Produced in salivary glands, pancreas and small intestine
- Catalyses breakdown of starch into sugars in mouth and small intestine
- Protease
- Produced in stomach, pancreas and small intestine
- Catalyses the breakdown of proteins into amino acids in stomach and small intestine
- Lipase
- Produced in pancreas and small intestine
- catalyses breakdown of lipids into fatty acids and glycerol in small intestine
- Stomach enzymes
- Work best in acidic conditions as stomach produces hydrochloric acid
- Small intestine enzymes
- Work best in acidic conditions as bile neutralises stomach acid
- Enzymes in home and industry
- Biological detergents may contain proteases and lipases
- More effective at low temperatures than other types of detergent
- Proteases 'pre-digest' baby food
- Carbohydrases convert starch into sugar syrup
- Isomerase breaks down glucose syrup into fructose syrup, which is sweeter so less can be used for slimming foods
- Advantages and disadvantages
- Used to bring about reactions at normal temps and pressures that would otherwise require expensive, energy-demanding equipment
- Can be used over and over again in industry
- Speeds up reactions
- Costly to produce
- Some people are allergic to them
- Biological detergents may contain proteases and lipases
- Proteins
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