Enzymes.
- Created by: Lesley McKenna
- Created on: 03-11-15 21:20
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- Enzymes.
- Induced Fit Theory.
- Enzymes change shape when the substrate binds to them.
- Amino acids fit perfectly into the active site, so the catalytic reaction is effective.
- The enzyme wraps around the substrate to distort it.
- Forms an enzyme/substrate complex.
- Enzyme is not used up in reaction.
- E+S=ES=E+P+S.
- Enzyme is not used up in reaction.
- Forms an enzyme/substrate complex.
- The enzyme wraps around the substrate to distort it.
- Amino acids fit perfectly into the active site, so the catalytic reaction is effective.
- Enzymes change shape when the substrate binds to them.
- Properties.
- -Globular proteins and round in shape.
- Extracellular~ outside.
- E.g. digestive enzymes.
- Enzymes are biological catalysts~ speed up reactions.
- Substrates are converted into products.
- They work to max. rate when at optimum conditions.
- Conditions.
- pH.
- Effects the attraction between the substrate and the enzyme.
- Ionic bonds can break/change shape~ Enzyme is denatured.
- The optimum pH is 7 for intracellular enzymes.
- The acid range 1-6 for enzymes in the stomach.
- The alkali range 8-12 foe enzymes in the oral cavities.
- Temperatures
- Increased.
- Speeds up reactions~ more ES complexes.
- 0-42 degree's is the optimum temperature.
- Anything above 42 will be denatured.
- Decreased.
- Pyschrophiles~ love cold.
- Thermophillic~ heat loving.
- Below 0c enzymes are not denatured, they are inactive.
- Enzymes become less reactive-molecular movement slowed.
- Hypothermophillic- Organisms that can't grow below 70c
- Increased.
- pH.
- Inhibitors.
- Slow's down the reaction of enzymes.
- Competitive.
- Stops the enzyme binding to the active site.
- Examples~ Snake venom and HIV protease inhibitor.
- Non-competitive.
- Changes the shape of the active sit so the substrate cannot bind.
- Example~ Cyanide.
- Induced Fit Theory.
- Conditions.
- pH.
- Effects the attraction between the substrate and the enzyme.
- Ionic bonds can break/change shape~ Enzyme is denatured.
- The optimum pH is 7 for intracellular enzymes.
- The acid range 1-6 for enzymes in the stomach.
- The alkali range 8-12 foe enzymes in the oral cavities.
- Temperatures
- Increased.
- Speeds up reactions~ more ES complexes.
- 0-42 degree's is the optimum temperature.
- Anything above 42 will be denatured.
- Decreased.
- Pyschrophiles~ love cold.
- Thermophillic~ heat loving.
- Below 0c enzymes are not denatured, they are inactive.
- Enzymes become less reactive-molecular movement slowed.
- Hypothermophillic- Organisms that can't grow below 70c
- Increased.
- pH.
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