English language and sexuality
- Created by: Lauralouise011101
- Created on: 04-03-20 16:58
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- Language and sexuality:
- Sweden has recently introduced a gender neutral pronoun 'hen'.
- English has introduced the pronouns 'ze' and 'thon' which the LGBT community encourage.
- 'Ze' is to be used when a persons gender is unknown.
- POLARI
- A form of language associated with gay men.
- Used in 1st 2 3rds of 20th century.
- In British cities that had large and mainly underground gay subcultures.
- Arose from overlapping forms of slang associated with stigmatised groups.
- Spread from word of mouth.
- Multiple versions created at the same time.
- Most speakers had a small core vocabulary.
- There was a 'fringe' vocabulary only known by a few.
- Spelling, pronounciation and meaning were not always stuck to.
- Was a necessity when homosexuality was stigmatised through law, medicine and religion.
- Allowed this group to diverge from other social groups.
- Allowed gay men to communicate with others in a way that lessened the risk of stigmatisation.
- Also a form of convergence as it allowed previously isolated members of society to build a community.
- Allowed gay men to communicate with others in a way that lessened the risk of stigmatisation.
- Men lived fearing blackmail, exposure and the humiliation of electric shock and hormone treatments.
- Allowed this group to diverge from other social groups.
- Examples:
- Bevvy = to drink
- ***** = to complain
- camp = effeminate
- PAUL BAKER:
- says polariis a coded form of language that allowed gay men to communicate in public without others knowing their sexuality.
- Almost nothing had been written down or recorded making it difficult to look into.
- Offered a way of mocking the regressive society.
- Michael Halliday (1978)
- Used the term 'anti language' to describe how stigmatised subcultures develop language to reconstruct reality according to their own values.
- This became a fundamental part of someones identity.
- A mode of resistance.
- Continuity between language and anti-language.
- Both are an example of the prevailing sociolinguistic order.
- Both are reality generators.
- Both have the potential to create and maintain social hierarchies.
- FEATURES:
- Anti-society -
- A society within another society as a conscious alternative.
- Relexicalisation
- The substitution of new words for old.
- Leads to creation of new vocabulary.
- Allows individuals to converge from other social groups.
- Leads to creation of new vocabulary.
- The substitution of new words for old.
- A different lexicon but with similar grammatical structure.
- Anti-society -
- Used the term 'anti language' to describe how stigmatised subcultures develop language to reconstruct reality according to their own values.
- Bill Leap:
- LGBT communities talk to eachother in different ways.
- LAVENDER LINGUISTICS
- A modern version of polari.
- focuses on acronyms, play on words, and double meanings.
- Only aimed to be understood by the gay community.
- The coulour lavender is ofen used to show 'gay friendly' places.
- LAVENDER LINGUISTICS
- LGBT communities talk to eachother in different ways.
- English has introduced the pronouns 'ze' and 'thon' which the LGBT community encourage.
- 'Ze' is to be used when a persons gender is unknown.
- In Brighton (2012) the gender neutral mx was encouraged to be used instead of Mr or Mrs.
- This received mixed responses from newspapers as some believed it was a PC overload.
- Language and sexuality:
- Sweden has recently introduced a gender neutral pronoun 'hen'.
- POLARI
- A form of language associated with gay men.
- Used in 1st 2 3rds of 20th century.
- In British cities that had large and mainly underground gay subcultures.
- Arose from overlapping forms of slang associated with stigmatised groups.
- Spread from word of mouth.
- Multiple versions created at the same time.
- Most speakers had a small core vocabulary.
- There was a 'fringe' vocabulary only known by a few.
- Spelling, pronounciation and meaning were not always stuck to.
- Was a necessity when homosexuality was stigmatised through law, medicine and religion.
- Allowed this group to diverge from other social groups.
- Allowed gay men to communicate with others in a way that lessened the risk of stigmatisation.
- Also a form of convergence as it allowed previously isolated members of society to build a community.
- Allowed gay men to communicate with others in a way that lessened the risk of stigmatisation.
- Men lived fearing blackmail, exposure and the humiliation of electric shock and hormone treatments.
- Allowed this group to diverge from other social groups.
- Examples:
- Bevvy = to drink
- ***** = to complain
- camp = effeminate
- PAUL BAKER:
- says polariis a coded form of language that allowed gay men to communicate in public without others knowing their sexuality.
- Almost nothing had been written down or recorded making it difficult to look into.
- Offered a way of mocking the regressive society.
- Michael Halliday (1978)
- Used the term 'anti language' to describe how stigmatised subcultures develop language to reconstruct reality according to their own values.
- This became a fundamental part of someones identity.
- A mode of resistance.
- Continuity between language and anti-language.
- Both are an example of the prevailing sociolinguistic order.
- Both are reality generators.
- Both have the potential to create and maintain social hierarchies.
- FEATURES:
- Anti-society -
- A society within another society as a conscious alternative.
- Relexicalisation
- The substitution of new words for old.
- Leads to creation of new vocabulary.
- Allows individuals to converge from other social groups.
- Leads to creation of new vocabulary.
- The substitution of new words for old.
- A different lexicon but with similar grammatical structure.
- Anti-society -
- Used the term 'anti language' to describe how stigmatised subcultures develop language to reconstruct reality according to their own values.
- Bill Leap:
- LGBT communities talk to eachother in different ways.
- LAVENDER LINGUISTICS
- A modern version of polari.
- focuses on acronyms, play on words, and double meanings.
- Only aimed to be understood by the gay community.
- The coulour lavender is ofen used to show 'gay friendly' places.
- LAVENDER LINGUISTICS
- LGBT communities talk to eachother in different ways.
- Robin Lakoff:
- Compares gay male speech traits womens.
- Hedges and intensifiers etc.
- Argues that gay men consciously immitate female speech traits.
- Reinforces stereotypes.
- Suggests all gay men speak the same.
- Suggesting gay men dont have individual identites
- Suggests all gay men speak the same.
- Compares gay male speech traits womens.
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