England and Scotland United
- Created by: SGriffin49
- Created on: 28-06-21 10:50
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- England and Scotland United
- Protestant England
- Mary's sister Anne became Queen in 1702. All of Anne's children died before she did.
- Protestants became concerned that because Anne had no heir, Catholic James Edward Stuart would become King.
- Queen Anne died in 1714 and the throne was passed to a Protestant relation who became George I.
- Under George I, the Royal family became the Hanoverians (from Hanover in Germany). George couldn't speak much English and spent a lot of time in Germany.
- George I was not very popular.
- 1707 Act of Union
- The English Government felt it was important to unite England and Scotland.
- They wanted to keep Scotland under control in case the Catholics caused any more trouble.
- The Scots were forced to agree to the union as England threatened to stop trade if they refused.
- The main points of the Act of Union.
- Scotland could not have its own Parliament, but could send 45 members to the English parliament and 16 lords to the House of Lords.
- Scotland could have its own legal system.
- Scotland had to agree to Protestants always being on the throne.
- Both countries would trade equally.
- Both countries would use the same coins/ currency.
- Scotland would have its own Church called the Kirk.
- England and Scotland would use the saem flag.
- 1715 Rebellion against the Act of Union
- Many people in Scotland were not happy with the Act of Union. They did not agree with having to pay taxes to England and felt England were interfering too much.
- In 1715, James Edward Stuart tried to take the throne. He and his Jacobite supporters invaded England.
- James' forces failed as they were poorly led by the Earl of Mar and both he and James fled to France.
- Why did the Jacobites lose?
- The French were fighting elsewhere so could not offer their assistance.
- Some Scots were getting richer through their trade with England so did not want to interrupt this by rebelling.
- Some Scots did not like James Edward Stuart's connections with France.
- James had little support outside of Scotland.
- The Jacobites could not agree on what they wanted.
- Bonnie Prince Charlie and the Rebellion of 1745
- George II came to the throne after George I and the Jacobites were still causing issues.
- By 1745, much of England's army was fighting in Europe so the Jacobites took this as an opportunity to invade.
- The 1745 Jacobite Uprising was led by Charles Edward Stuart. It was an attempt to take the throne for his father James Edward Stuart.
- In 1745, Charles landed in Scotland with thousands of Highlanders supporting him.
- By the end of 1745 they had taken Edinburgh and captured Carlisle. They advanced into England as far as Derby.
- By 1746, English forces had been strengthened and were led by the Duke of Cumberland. The Scots won at Falkirk but many of them returned home.
- In April 1746 the Scottish forces were defeated at Culloden.
- Charles became a wanted man with a reward of £30,000. He was disguised as a woman and taken to the Isle of Skye where he fled to France.
- The end of the Jacobite threat
- The defeat of the 1745 uprising neutralised the Jacobite threat to English power in Scotland.
- The Jacobites were relying on help from France that did not arrive on time.
- The Duke of Cumberland had 10 of the best battalions.
- Charles got no support from the English who did not want a Catholic King.
- Charles was a poor leader.
- The United Kingdom
- Wales had been controlled by 'March Lords' who were English but made their own laws. In 1536, Henry VIII officially united England and Wales in the first Act of Union.
- Ireland was controlled by Protestants who were loyal to England.
- Catholics in Ireland hated the Protestant rulers and after Cumberland's aggression there was hatred of English rule in the Scottish highlands.
- Many people however, were starting to accept English rule.
- Protestant England
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