Energy Security - summary and case studies
- Created by: Efea Rutlin
- Created on: 29-05-16 14:03
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- Energy Security
- 1. TO WHAT EXTENT IS THE WORLD ENERGY SECURE AT PRESENT
- different types of energysources
- recyclable
- can be used repeatedly if carefully managed
- biomass
- large land area is needed, this can take away land for crops or habitats
- nuclear (when fuel is reprocessed)
- unresolved issues such as storing waste
- biomass
- can be used repeatedly if carefully managed
- renewable
- Infinite resources
- solar
- wind
- geothermal
- wave
- These may only be appropriate in some areas
- The Uk has high renewable potential in terms of wind
- Geothermal facilities make up 25% of Icelands energy
- Also take time to become carbon neutral
- Not In My Back Yard Issues
- Infinite resources
- Non-renewable
- finite resources, will run out
- These all have environmental impacts during extraction and use
- finite resources, will run out
- security will be best if an 'energy mix' is used
- recyclable
- Access to energy
- Domestic reserves are a matter of geological history and international boundaries
- This means some countries are in surplus whilst others are in deficit
- 40% of the World rely on traditional biomass for cooking and heating
- 2 billion people have no access to electricity
- Russia holds 25% of global gas reserves
- The Middle East holds 40% of global gas reserves
- 56% of the Oil
- However domestic supplies aren't always that important
- Terms of trade
- The UK still has coal reserves however it became cheaper to import from elsewhere than extract
- This means some countries are in surplus whilst others are in deficit
- depends on technology
- depends on attitudes
- depends on cost
- Domestic reserves are a matter of geological history and international boundaries
- demand for energy
- Global demand doubled between 1960 and 1980
- industrialisation
- growth of the middle class
- Likely to increase in the future
- BRICS
- Global demand doubled between 1960 and 1980
- different types of energysources
- 2. THE IMPACTS OF ENERGY INSECURITY
- Disruption along energy pathways
- Natural disasters
- priced payment disputes
- piracy/terrorism
- The Eastern Siberian Pacific Ocean Pipeline goes through the Straits of Malacca
- Supply runs out
- Political disputes between supplier and consumer
- Russia cut off supplies to the Ukraine in 2008, when Ukraine were thinking about joining NATO
- Disrupted other countries Russia supplies 30% f European gas
- Russia cut off supplies to the Ukraine in 2008, when Ukraine were thinking about joining NATO
- Development of AlternativeSources
- Tar Sands
- Large supplies in Canada and Venezuela
- Could meet up to 16% of North Americas needs by 2030
- Oil is vital for Canadian economy
- $15 per barrel, compared to $2 for conventional oil
- Deforestation and destructionhabitats
- 3:1 water usage
- Large supplies in Canada and Venezuela
- Fracking
- Resources are found all over the World
- Could lower gas prices by 1/3 if exploited
- risk of contamination of water supplies
- in North Dakota water has become flammable
- Oil supplies in the Arctic
- 30% of global undiscovered natural gas, 15% of its oil
- Territory disputes with 6 border countries
- Russia is trying to find a connectionthe Lomosonov Ridge
- Many animals there are sensitive to environmental disturbance and are already endangered
- Tar Sands
- Importancedifferent players
- governments
- can make more renewable policies
- often have a hand in infrastructure
- State owned companies control 95% of oil and gas reserves
- which mean they can be used to further their political agendas
- Environmentalists
- put pressure on government
- Scientists/ Research and Development
- Can make different options more viable
- TNCS/Cartels
- OPEC control 78% of global oil reserves, and so can control prices and production
- Many of the countries are in the Middle East so vulnerable to terrorism
- GAZPROMcontrol 1/3 of global gas reserves,
- OPEC control 78% of global oil reserves, and so can control prices and production
- governments
- Disruption along energy pathways
- 3. ENERGY SECURITY AND THE FUTURE
- Future demand is uncertain
- population growth
- Economic growth
- Resource availability is uncertain
- Peak oil 2010-30
- Peak gas 2020-40
- Peak Coal 2040-60
- The extent to which new technologies will be adopted is uncertain
- Biofuels increased 2007-8 and then were blamed for pushing up food prices
- Geopolitical threats
- Solutions?
- Diversification of energy resources
- reduce dependancy on fossil fuels
- increase renewable energy
- increase access to energy in developing nations
- reduce greenhouse gas emissions
- carbon capture and storage
- carbon credits
- taxation
- Diversification of energy resources
- exploitation in environmentally sensitive regions
- The Arctic contains over 3,000 species
- The Amazon is home to 10% of the Worlds known biodiversity
- would also open up the area to illegal poachers and loggers
- Future demand is uncertain
- 1. TO WHAT EXTENT IS THE WORLD ENERGY SECURE AT PRESENT
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