MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES


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  • ELISA test
    • uses of monoclonal antibodies
      • pregnancy tests/diagnosis
        • contain monoclonal antibody that specifically binds to hormone hCG
          • hCG - secreted in early stages of preganancy
          • sml quantity present in womens urine
            • = monoclonal antibody attached to dipstick, any hCG in urine will bind too
              • cause colour change
      • treat rheumatoid arthritis and crohns disease
        • rheumatoid- caused when immune system fails to recognise some cells in joints as 'self'
          • attacks them
        • Crohns- results form immune system attacking lining of alimentary canal
          • autoimmune diseases
            • rheumatoid- caused when immune system fails to recognise some cells in joints as 'self'
              • attacks them
            • substance called TNF-alpha involved in this response
              • if TNF-alpha disabled - immune system = calm down symptoms reduced
                • Monoclonal antibodies developed that specifically bind to TNF-alpha and put it out of action
      • used to kill cancer cells
        • monoclonal antibodies - can be attached to drug that can kill cancer cells
          • Monoclonal antibodies - produced that have complementary shapes to abnormal proteins (act as antigen) on particular cells
          • combination molecules are then injected
            • monoclonal antibody will bind to cancer cell and deliver srug at the same time
              • avoiding harm to healthy cells which don't have same receptor
    • Monoclonal antibodies - produced that have complementary shapes to abnormal proteins (act as antigen) on particular cells

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