Elements and Compounds
- Created by: Emily Cartwright
- Created on: 24-03-14 20:11
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- Elements and Compounds
- Elements
- Can be divided into metals and non-metals
- Arranged in vertical groups in the periodic table numbered 0 to 7. Some elements do not belong in a group
- The group number of an element tells you the number of electrons in the outermost shell of each atom of the element
- Ions
- Formed when an atom loses or gains electrons
- Ionic Compounds
- Compounds containing oppositely charged ions which are strongly attracted to each other by electrostatic attraction
- Made up of atoms of metals and non metals
- Covalent Substances
- These contain atoms bonded to each other by covalent bonds
- Made up of atoms of non metals
- Writing Formulae
- Metals
- Always written just using the chemical symbol for an atom of the element
- Common Molecules
- Diatomic Molecules
- Hydrogen: H2
- Nitrogen: N2
- Chlorine: Cl2
- Oxygen: O2
- Methane: CH4
- Carbon Dioxide: CO2
- Ammonia: NH3
- Diatomic Molecules
- Acids
- Hydrochloric Acid: HCl
- Sulphuric Acid: H2SO4
- Nitric Acid: HNO3
- Ionic Compounds
- Formula shows the ratio of the numbers of ions in the compound
- Elements other than non metals change their name to end with -ide when they are ions
- Positive ions
- Group 1: Li+, Na+, K+
- Group 2: Mg2+, Ca2+
- Aluminium: Al3+
- Negative Ions
- Group 6: O2- (Oxide), S2- (Sulphide)
- Group 5: N3- (Nitride)
- Group 7: F- (Fluoride), Cl-, Br-, I-
- Compound Ions
- Carbonate: CO3 2-
- Hydroxide: OH-
- Sulphate: SO4 2-
- Nitrate: NO3-
- Metals
- State Symbols
- Solid (S)
- Aqueous Solution (Aq)
- Liquid (l)
- Gas (g)
- Elements
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