Criminology
- Created by: Eamon
- Created on: 08-06-17 11:01
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- Effects of Overcrowding
- Introduction
- MoJ 2017
- 80/117 were overcrowded
- 75% Overcrowded HMP Leeds
- Results In:
- Lack of education & Vocational = increased time locked up
- Increase tensions between prisoners = Increase victimisation
- Increased use of HC and MHC resources
- However
- Caused by government cuts
- MoJ 2017
- Isolation and Lack of Education and Vocational Opportunities
- Liebling 1992
- Provide prisoners with time out of their cells
- Without = Increased Isolation, Boredom, Hopelessnes as prisoners reflect on negative thoughts
- Yang et al 2009
- 59 Prisoners
- Provided time out of their cells and social contact
- 59 Prisoners
- Taylor 2004
- 81% participation to occupy time and prevent monotony
- 61% helped with prison stress
- 40% prevented reflection on negative thoughts
- 61% helped with prison stress
- 81% participation to occupy time and prevent monotony
- Offender Learning & Skills Unit 2014
- Decline of re-offending by 50%
- Only 1/3 have access
- HMP Itchworth prisoner kitchen staff had to stop NVQs because needed to make more food
- Only 1/3 have access
- Decline of re-offending by 50%
- Dye 2010
- More Prisoners = more prisoner escort = lack of staff to supervise classes = spend time in cells
- Coats Review 2016
- 16% left with access to education
- HMIOP 2016
- 51 men - 30% had access to physical exercise 3x a week
- 10/34 had enough courses for all prisoners
- 51 men - 30% had access to physical exercise 3x a week
- Birmingham 2003
- Prisoners locked up 20-23 hours a day
- Silvestri 2013
- 25% of 1 category B were locked up all day
- Liebling 1992
- Bullying & Victimisation due to Cramped Conditions
- Silvestri 2013
- Increase in sharing cells designed for one/two
- Decrease in personal space
- 19.140 prisoners in one cell sharing
- 777 shared cells with 3 designed to 2
- Increase in sharing cells designed for one/two
- Esther 2017
- Decrease in personal & mixed with decrease in opportunities = more violence
- Jewkes 2005
- Got to act tough and macho to protect personal safety
- Gang affiliation protects personal safety = place on social hierarchy
- Got to act tough and macho to protect personal safety
- Fenton 2016 (2010-2015)
- Sexual Assaults - 137 rose to 257 incidents
- Injuries from wee and poo - 20 to 180
- Smith 2017
- HMP Letchworth - 'fight club' - Prisoner had glue poured down his throat
- MoJ (2017)
- 17,782 prisoner attacks
- Silvestri 2013
- Impact on MH care and HC services
- Ireland & Qualter 2008
- Increased victimisation cause more health problems
- Increase in fear and anxiety = MH issues
- Griffin 2010
- Lack of opportunies = Increased isolation and reflection on negative thoughts = increased MH issues
- MoJ 2017
- Suicide rate 106 (highest ever) SH 24,648
- Forrester 2013
- 500 case loads
- SCFMH 2007
- Requires 11 specialist staff
- SCFMH 2007
- 500 case loads
- HMIOP 2007
- 84 HC
- 85% didn't have enough staff
- 14% felt they had enough resources to treat
- 84 HC
- Peay 2002
- Prison has access to 2000 NHS psychiatric beds - Need 5000
- HLFPR 2015
- Lack of escorts = missed education and medical courses
- Decrease ability for prison staff to identify high risk individuals
- Lack of escorts = missed education and medical courses
- Silvestri 2013
- Prisoners are forced to eat in their room
- Prisoners failed to receive 1 hour of exercise as no staff to ensure security
- 25% prisoners in 1 category B prison had access to physical exercise 3 times a week
- Ireland & Qualter 2008
- HOWEVER - IT IS THE GOVERNMENTS FAULT
- Allison and Sloan 2015
- 1% prisoners have access to education
- Prisoners aged 24+ no longer has access to free GCSEs and have to apply for loans
- 1% prisoners have access to education
- Evans & Willgess 2016
- HMP Birmingham riot blamed on lack of prison officers
- Willoughby 2017
- Prison officers have admitted they've lost control of prisons
- HLFPR 2015
- Prisons had 40 less staff and 18 prisons have been shut - closed so lost 6,500 places
- Allison and Sloan 2015
- Introduction
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