Edward VI, Mary I and the Counter-Reformation

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  • Edward VI, Mary I and the Counter-Reformation
    • The Six Articles
      • The Church in England was now separate from the Christian Church in Europe.
      • In 1539, Henry VIII published the Six Articles. They set out the religious beliefs of the new Church of England.
      • Anyone who did not follow the Six Articles faced death. Between 1539 and 1547, Henry VIII had thousands of Protestants executed for not following the articles.
    • The Church under Edward VI
      • Henry VIII eventually had a son with his 3rd wife Jane Seymour. Edward VI became king following his fathers death but he was only 9.
      • Edward's advisers, especially Edward Seymour Duke of Somerset, decided to make England a more Protestant country.
      • In 1549, Edward allowed priests in the Church in England to marry something that Catholic priests were forbidden from doing.
      • Priests were no longer required to wear elaborate clothing like Catholic priests.
      • Edward introduced a new Book of Common Prayer, written by the Archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Cranmer.
      • The Catholic Service of Mass was abolished. It was replaced by Holy Communion.
      • Religious statues and paintings were removed from churches and church walls were whitewashed.
      • The Catholic altar was replaced by a simple table. All remaining monasteries were closed.
    • The Church under Mary I and the Counter-Reformation
      • Edward VI died at the age of 15 and was succeeded by his sister Mary I who was brought up as a Catholic.
      • Mary wanted to make England Catholic again. To begin this change, she married Philip of Spain, one of the most important Catholic Monarchs.
      • Mary recognised the Pope as the head of the church again and replaced all Protestant bishops and priests with catholic ones.
      • Mary restored the religious practice of Mass.
      • Many opponents of the Catholic Church were murdered. Over 200 Protestants were burnt at the stake giving Mary the nickname 'Bloody Mary'.
      • Mary's reign was as short as her brothers and she did not have any children to succeed her. Instead, her sister, Elizabeth I took over. Elizabeth had been brought up as Protestant.
      • Elizabeth I would go on to return the country to Protestantism which is how it has remained. Since 1558 England has officially been a Protestant country with the monarch as the Head of the Church of England.

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