Education Educational Policies
- Created by: HBN_18
- Created on: 02-05-18 12:11
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- Educational Policy
- Concerned with government plans for what the education system should acheive
- Three main aims in the UK:
- Economic efficiency - improving ths skills of the workforce
- Raising educational standards
- Creating equality of educational opportunity
- Equality of access was the main focus of educational policies
- Everyone should have the same opportunities to access schools of similar quality
- Equality of access was the main focus of educational policies
- Three main aims in the UK:
- Tripartite System 1944
- Free secondary education for the first time
- A way of removing inequality arising from requirements to pay fees
- HOWEVER
- Selection for one of the three types of schools was determined by the 11+ exam
- Disadvantage for the working-class
- Selection for one of the three types of schools was determined by the 11+ exam
- HOWEVER
- A way of removing inequality arising from requirements to pay fees
- The Comprehensive system 1970
- Single type of secondary school (the comprehensive school)
- Accepting children of all abilities
- Due to 11+ examinations seeming unfair and discriminating against working-class pupils
- Accepting children of all abilities
- E.g academies, free schools, faith schools, community schools
- Single type of secondary school (the comprehensive school)
- Free secondary education for the first time
- Policies to improve equality of circumstances
- Everyone should start school
- Compensatory education
- Providing positive discrimination against the disadvanatges
- Extra help and extra favourable treatment to help them compete equally with those not facing disadvaatged
- E.g Education Action Zones, Pupil Premium from 2010
- School Admission Code
- Selection by ability or social background is banned
- HOWEVER
- Well-behaved, hard-working students with well educated, well-off parents are prefered
- They can help their children and support the school financially
- Help schools achieve better exam result
- They can help their children and support the school financially
- Covert selection
- Persuading poor parentes the school won't suit the children
- Having expensive school uniforms
- Complex admissions criteria
- Not promoting school in poorer areas
- Well-behaved, hard-working students with well educated, well-off parents are prefered
- HOWEVER
- Selection by ability or social background is banned
- Educational Policy in 1980
- Neoliberalism
- The view that the state should play a minimal role in providing and managing public services like education
- Globalisation
- Comparison with other countries in international tests like PISA (the programme for International Student Assessment)
- Influenced educational policies
- E.g Changes to national curriculum
- Enable children to compete more effectively in a global labour market
- E.g Changes to national curriculum
- Influenced educational policies
- Comparison with other countries in international tests like PISA (the programme for International Student Assessment)
- Privatisation
- Links to neoliberalism and the New Right approach
- Marketisation
- Education services are run like independent private business
- Operating in a free market based on competition and consumer (parent) choice
- Education services are run like independent private business
- Neoliberalism
- Privatisation of Education
- Involves schools managing their own affairs, compoeting with other schools for pupils
- Involves opening state education to private businesses who design, manage or delver education
- E.g Global ICT companies like Apple and Google providing online curriculum materials
- EVALUATION
- More business-like and efficient schools as schools raise standards to attract pupils in competition with oother school
- More parental choice
- More inequalities in education as schools try to avoid disadvantaged pupils who threaten high league table positions.
- Money may be drained from educastion into private profit
- Government Policies
- Conservative 1979-1997
- Management by governors and headteachers
- Money allocated according to number of pupils
- Parental choice and open enrolment - schools with vacancies had to accept any pupils until full
- National Curriculum and national testing (SATs)
- Ofsted established
- Schools Performance Tables (league tables)
- Labour 1997-2010
- More money for schools
- More nurseries
- Smaller primary school classes
- Education Action Zones and academies in the more disadvantaged areas
- Education Maintenance allowances - paying students for attending school
- All secondary schools to adopt a specialist subject area
- Conservative - Liberal Democratic Coalition 2010-2015
- Most secondary schools are now independent acedemies
- Free schools
- Pupil Premium - Extra money for disadvantaged pupils
- National curriculum reform
- Academies exempted from national curriculm
- Reform of examination system - New style GCSEs, AS and A Levels
- Tougher performance targets for schools
- Conservative 1979-1997
- EVALUATION OF MARKETISATION
- Myth of parentacy
- Middle-class gain the most parental choice
- Covert selection discourages pupils from poorer backgrounds
- Many parents do not get a real choice in schools as the best fill up first
- Educational Triage
- Schools maintain their position in the league table
- By focusing resources and teacher time on those most likely to succeed
- Middle -class
- Paying less attention to the most disadvanatged
- This maintains and strengthens social divisions
- By focusing resources and teacher time on those most likely to succeed
- Schools maintain their position in the league table
- Lack of resources for weaker schools and more money goes to better ones
- Chaos in the education system
- Less control over the planning and supply of school places
- Less local control over school quality
- Little regulation to stop unfair or illegal covert admission policies
- Myth of parentacy
- Concerned with government plans for what the education system should acheive
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