Education Educational Policies

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  • Created by: HBN_18
  • Created on: 02-05-18 12:11
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  • Educational Policy
    • Concerned with government plans for what the education system should acheive
      • Three main aims in the UK:
        • Economic efficiency - improving ths skills of the workforce
        • Raising educational standards
        • Creating equality of educational opportunity
          • Equality of access was the main focus of educational policies
            • Everyone should have the same opportunities to access schools of similar quality
    • Tripartite System 1944
      • Free secondary education for the first time
        • A way of removing inequality arising from requirements to pay fees
          • HOWEVER
            • Selection for one of the three types of schools was determined by the 11+ exam
              • Disadvantage for the working-class
      • The Comprehensive system 1970
        • Single type of secondary school (the comprehensive school)
          • Accepting children of all abilities
          • Due to 11+ examinations seeming unfair and discriminating against working-class pupils
            • Accepting children of all abilities
        • E.g academies, free schools, faith schools, community schools
    • Policies to improve equality of circumstances
      • Everyone should start school
      • Compensatory education
      • Providing positive discrimination against the disadvanatges
        • Extra help and extra favourable treatment to help them compete equally with those not facing disadvaatged
      • E.g Education Action Zones, Pupil Premium from 2010
    • School Admission Code
      • Selection by ability or social background is banned
        • HOWEVER
          • Well-behaved, hard-working students with well educated, well-off parents are prefered
            • They can help their children and support the school financially
            • Help schools achieve better exam result
              • They can help their children and support the school financially
          • Covert selection
            • Persuading poor parentes the school won't suit the children
            • Having expensive school uniforms
            • Complex admissions criteria
            • Not promoting school in poorer areas
    • Educational Policy in 1980
      • Neoliberalism
        • The view that the state should play a minimal role in providing and managing public services like education
      • Globalisation
        • Comparison with other countries in international tests like PISA (the programme for International Student Assessment)
          • Influenced educational policies
            • E.g Changes to national curriculum
              • Enable children to compete more effectively in a global labour market
      • Privatisation
        • Links to neoliberalism and the New Right approach
      • Marketisation
        • Education services are run like independent private business
          • Operating in a free market based on competition and consumer (parent) choice
    • Privatisation of Education
      • Involves schools managing their own affairs, compoeting with other schools for pupils
      • Involves opening state education to private businesses who design, manage or delver education
      • E.g Global ICT companies like Apple and Google providing online curriculum materials
      • EVALUATION
        • More business-like and efficient schools as schools raise standards to attract pupils in competition with oother school
        • More parental choice
        • More inequalities  in education as schools try to avoid disadvantaged pupils who threaten high league table positions.
        • Money may be drained from educastion into private profit
    • Government Policies
      • Conservative 1979-1997
        • Management by governors and headteachers
        • Money allocated according to number of pupils
        • Parental choice and open enrolment - schools with vacancies had to accept any pupils until full
        • National Curriculum and national testing (SATs)
        • Ofsted established
        • Schools Performance Tables (league tables)
      • Labour 1997-2010
        • More money for schools
        • More nurseries
        • Smaller primary school classes
        • Education Action Zones and academies in the more disadvantaged areas
        • Education Maintenance allowances - paying students for attending school
        • All secondary schools to adopt a specialist subject area
      • Conservative - Liberal Democratic Coalition 2010-2015
        • Most secondary schools are now independent acedemies
        • Free schools
        • Pupil Premium - Extra money for disadvantaged pupils
        • National curriculum reform
          • Academies exempted from national curriculm
        • Reform of examination system - New style GCSEs, AS and A Levels
        • Tougher performance targets for schools
    • EVALUATION OF MARKETISATION
      • Myth of parentacy
        • Middle-class gain the most parental choice
        • Covert selection discourages pupils from poorer backgrounds
        • Many parents do not get a real choice in schools as the best fill up first
      • Educational Triage
        • Schools maintain their position in the league table
          • By focusing resources and teacher time on those most likely to succeed
            • Middle -class
            • Paying less attention to the most disadvanatged
            • This maintains and strengthens social divisions
      • Lack of resources for weaker schools and more money goes to better ones
      • Chaos in the education system
        • Less control over the planning and supply of school places
        • Less local control over school quality
        • Little regulation to stop unfair or illegal covert admission policies

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