Sociology - Education
- Created by: SetoKabia
- Created on: 20-02-14 13:24
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- Education, Socialisation and Citizenship
- 1980s New Vocationalism Movement - aims was to improve education to match the needs of the economy, Conservatives and New Labour helped to introduce vocational courses
- Structuralists - interested in education in terms of its functions as part of a broader social system
- Interactionists - interested in the processes which occur inside education institutions - roles and meanings within the classroom
- Labelling Theory - examines how the identity and behaviour of individuals is shaped by their catergorisation by significant social others
- i.e teachers steryotype certain students
- RESEARCH STUDY: David Hargreaves (73) - interviewed boys in inner city secondary schools , anti school subcultures are formed as a response to negative labelling
- Peter Woods (81) - division between pro and and anti school subcultures is simple. Students adapt based on how they are treated
- RESEARCH STUDY: Hargreaves, Hestor and Mellor (75) - overt participation and unstructured in 2 schools, showed how teachers label students in 3 steps 1. Speculation - teachers make guesses about students based on appearance 2. Elaboration - teachers test their hypotheses to be either confirmed or contradicted 3. Stabilisation - teachers hypotheses solidify
- Self-Fufilling Prophecy - the phenomenon by which, through a range of processes, labels attached to students become true - regardless of their accuracy
- RESEARCH STUDY: Rosenthal and Jacobson (68) - gave IQ tests to students in California, 20% of students were selected and teachers were told to expect rapid improvement - a year later the students were retested and had dramatic improvements, teachers subconsciously taught the children better
- Self-Fufilling Prophecy - the phenomenon by which, through a range of processes, labels attached to students become true - regardless of their accuracy
- Labelling Theory - examines how the identity and behaviour of individuals is shaped by their catergorisation by significant social others
- Marxists and Feminists argue education is used as an ideological tool to legitimise exploitation
- Marxists
- Althusser - education has a hidden curriculum which transmits values of obedience and respect for authority - Promoting Capitalism
- Proletariat Passive - working population following orders
- RESEARCH STUDY: Bowles and Gintis (76) in "Schooling in Capitalist America" they argue school benefits society through the "Correspondence Principal" which prepares children to join the proletariat
- Hard work is rewarded with intrinsic rewards
- Althusser - education has a hidden curriculum which transmits values of obedience and respect for authority - Promoting Capitalism
- Feminists
- Stress gender rather than class inequality
- Agree with Marxists that education legitimises inequalities
- Influenced Social Policy - Curriculum ensures all students cover subjects avoiding gender dominance in certain subjects
- Introduction of citizenship into the curriculum in 2002 aims to teach students about British life
- Liberal Education - students exposed to wide range of subjects to produce well rounded students
- RESEARCH STUDY: Osler and Starkey (03) - argue citizenship is based on a "Deficit Model" seeing young people as dangerous but poltically apathetic
- Subject doesn't match needs or interests of students = Alientates them
- Ethinc Minorities suffer dual deficet because they are labelled because of their age and their minoirty
- RESEARCH STUDY: Hamilton (03) - messages about "appropiate aspirations" were evident when girls and boys were selecting work placement
- Marxists
- Marxists
- Althusser - education has a hidden curriculum which transmits values of obedience and respect for authority - Promoting Capitalism
- Proletariat Passive - working population following orders
- RESEARCH STUDY: Bowles and Gintis (76) in "Schooling in Capitalist America" they argue school benefits society through the "Correspondence Principal" which prepares children to join the proletariat
- Hard work is rewarded with intrinsic rewards
- Althusser - education has a hidden curriculum which transmits values of obedience and respect for authority - Promoting Capitalism
- Labelling Theory - examines how the identity and behaviour of individuals is shaped by their catergorisation by significant social others
- i.e teachers steryotype certain students
- RESEARCH STUDY: David Hargreaves (73) - interviewed boys in inner city secondary schools , anti school subcultures are formed as a response to negative labelling
- Peter Woods (81) - division between pro and and anti school subcultures is simple. Students adapt based on how they are treated
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