education reforms (1863-1864)

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  • education reforms (1863-1864)
    • emancipation increased basic literacy and numeracy needs among peasants
    • under Golovnin
      • unis could govern themselves and appoint their own staff
      • responsibility for schools transferred from church to zemstva
      • primary and secondary education extended
      • schools declared open to boys and girls of all classes
      • number of those attending schools and unis grew
      • unis' new independence increased number of radical thinkers
        • government control reasserted after 1866

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