economic development in india

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  • Created by: jessicate
  • Created on: 04-06-18 10:25
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  • Economic development in India
    • India
      • india is a rapidly developing NEE
      • has the second largest population in the world
      • it has its own democratically elected govornment
      • it has a medium level of development, however, there are large inequalities between the very rich and the very poor. education is improving but the adult literacy rate is still less than 70%
      • it exports services and manufactured goods across the world.
    • how rapid development is affecting industrial structure
      • primary industry employs 50% of the working population but is decreasing and only contributes 17% to india's GDP
      • secondary industry employs 22% of india's workforce. it stimulates economic development as it provides better, more reliable jobs for people and sells goods overseas which brings in a better income than primary workers.
      • tertiary and quaternary employ 29% of the workforce. this is due to a growth in IT firms across india and this part of the workforce also provides services for foreign companies such as customer service centres. this area contributes 53% to india's GDP.
    • trans-national corporations in India.
      • many TNCs operate in India including one of the world's biggest food and consumer goods manufacturers
      • TNCs provide employment for the country
      • more companies mean there is a bigger tax income for india
      • some TNCs run development plans, e.g. there are organisations that help poor women in rural villages. they provide loans and products for the women to sell in places that would have otherwise been difficult for the companies to supply.
      • companies work with charities to help run hygene education programs and provide sanitation to 115 million people in India. this improves health and increases sales
      • some profits from TNCs leave india
      • TNCs can cause environmental problems, for example one company left a poisonous and highly dangerous substance mercury in a waste dump. this caused environmental problems and brain damage to some people. even though it was removed and the area in=s now monitored some still aren't impressed.
      • TNCs may move around India to take advantage of the local government incentives.
    • relationship with the wider world
      • india is reducing barriers for trade and encouraging foreign direct investment
      • in recent years, India has improved its relations with its immediate neighbors.
      • trade with foreign buisnesses is also increasing
      • india is working with its neighbors to build a pipeline that will bring natural gas from Turkmenistan through Afghanistan and Pakistan to India
    • aid to India
      • short-term aid
        • helps countries to cope with emergencies. can come from foreign govornments or non-govornment organisations (NGO)
        • the UK sent £10mil, a rescue team and 1200 tents after and earthquake but organisations like oxfam provided supplies and temporary buildings.
        • helps with immediate disaster relief but is not able to assist in longer-term recovery efforts.
      • long-term aid
        • this aid is meant to help the recipient countries become more developed
        • the UK has provided India with over £200m pounds each year untul 2015 to try and help tackle poverty.
        • india has had problems with corruption so the aid does not always reach the poorest people.
      • 'top-down' aid
        • this is when the organisation or gov. that receives the aid decides where it should be spent.
        • the money is often spent on large infrastructure projects like dams or hydroelectric power or irrigation.
        • this sort of aid can improve the country's economy but not always does it improve the quality of life for the poorest people.
      • 'bottom-up' aid
        • money is given directly to local people who decide what to use it for e.g. to build a well
        • water aid trains people to maintain village water pumps in rural india.
        • this can have a large impact-schemes are generally supported by local people and can improve, health, skills and income.
    • economic development impacts quality of life and the environment
      • there are more jobs and wages are better so this means that people can have a better life by securing access to clean water, higher quality homes and medical care.
      • some jobs, however, can be dangerous and include poor conditions which can reduce the worker's quality of life.
      • India's energy consumption has increased and people are burning more and more fossil furls which are releasing more greenhouse gases. there is a city in India that is the most polluted in the world
      • demand for resources can lead to the destruction of habitats e.g. mining
      • but, as a country becomes wealthier and more developed they can afford to protect the environment.

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