17. Economic change of Women and work after 1865
- Created by: Alasdair
- Created on: 05-06-17 14:10
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- Economic change of Women and work after 1865
- Considerable expansion of women in labour marker
- Growing number of free women holding jobs
- 10% in 1840
- 15% in 1870
- 24% in 1924
- Biggest increase in white collar work and professions
- South
- Among freed slaves, problem of making smallholdings pay was so great that women were forced to contribute heavily to agricultural work
- Biggest change
- Greater experience of paid work among both single and married women
- Higher proportion of AA married women than white women
- Suggests entrapment in traditional patriarchal values more so with black women?
- As economy grew, child labour declined, more demand for women workers
- Range of female employment also changed
- At end of Civil War
- 60% of female workers were domestic servants
- 1% white collar workers
- By 1920:
- 18% servants
- Nearly 40% in clerical or professional positions
- Did not apply to AA women
- Continued to be employed in factory or domestic work
- At end of Civil War
- Stereotyped women's work was linked to their domestic, caring concerns predominated even when economic growth widened female workforce
- Within professional work, teaching and nurse predominated, followed by charity and welfare
- Large number of women workers growth in union organisation
- More strikes and demands for better wages and conditions
- Only 2% of trade unionists women by 1914 despite 25% female employment rates in factories
- Work gave women independence and background to greater involvement in public affairs and beginning of industrial organisation
- Most work of traditional areas associated with women:
- Caring professions
- Producing garments
- Domestic service
- Education and nursing
- In meeting men's sexual needs
- Little change in attitude that home was woman's responsibility
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