Research Methods
- Created by: EClou
- Created on: 06-01-15 20:54
View mindmap
- Experimental Methods
- Research Methods
- Observation
- Theory/Data
- Hypothesis (a testable statement)
- Test
- Hypothesis (a testable statement)
- Theory/Data
- Non-Experimental methods
- Questionnaires
- Interviews
- Self-report techniques
- Questionnaires
- Self-report techniques
- observations
- Correlational Analyses
- QICQOC
- Qualitative methods (i.e. words or descriptions)
- Interviews
- Self-report techniques
- Self-report techniques
- observations
- Case Studies
- QICQOC
- Case Studies
- Qualitative methods (i.e. words or descriptions)
- Observation
- Laboratory
- IV manipulated to observe effect on DV, EV controlled
- E.g. Peterson and Peterson 1959
- Positives
- + high level control, high int. val. - CVs minimised
- + Can draw Causal Concl. due to high int. val
- + Easy replication checks reliability
- Negatives
- - Artificial - lacks eco. val.
- - Ethical prob.
- - investigator + ps effects e.g dmnd. char.
- Field
- Exmntl. procedures in natural environment.
- e.g. Bickman 1974
- Positives
- + improved eco. val.
- + reduced ps effects - ps less aware
- + Causal concl.
- Negatives
- less control of EV-lower Int. val.
- lacks generalisability- less ext. val.
- - Ethical prob.
- Natural
- aka Quasi-expt.
- Exptr. uses naturally occurring diffs in IV - ps not randomly assigned (groups always vary uncontrollably) /researcher doesn't control IV
- e.e Hodges and Tizard 1989 - institutional
- Positives.
- + allows research where mnpltn. of IV = inapt.
- + less dmnd. char.
- + real probs. can be studied
- Negatives
- - CVs- lacks int. val.
- - therefore can't show causal concl.
- - CVs- lacks int. val.
- - Ethical
- - must wait for situation to naturally occur
- DEFINITIONS
- Variable: any factor that can change
- I V: the factor the experimenter changes (goes on X axis)
- D V: factor measured by experimenter to discover effect of IV - the result
- Extraneous Variable: any variable other than DV or IV
- Experiment: systematically changing IV and measuring effect on DV (MUST HAVE AN IV)
- Experimental control: IV manipulated - DV free to vary - all EVs controlled
- Confounding Variable: uncontrolled EV
- Research Methods
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