duration
- Created by: Hannah Jeffery
- Created on: 19-12-13 16:11
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- Duration
- STM
- can only hold several items for a limited amount of time due to decay or displacment
- Peterson and Peterson 1959
- laboratory experiment
- participants presented with trigrams (three consonants)
- they had to recall after an interval of 3,6,9.. untll they couldn't recall
- in order to prevent rehearsal participants were given a distracted task (count back from 300 in threes)
- they had to recall after an interval of 3,6,9.. untll they couldn't recall
- memory trace disappeared roughly after 20 seconds
- evaluation
- IV under manipulation, shows clear cause and effect
- lacks mundane realism, trigrams are artificial
- loss of info could of been due to capacity, the interval task may of displaced the trigram
- trigrams may of been effected by proactive interference (trigrams in previous trials)
- participants presented with trigrams (three consonants)
- laboratory experiment
- factors affecting duration in STM
- rehearsal, we can hold info in our heads eg when we look up phone numbers
- amount of information- murdock
- nature of words, unusual words are easier to recall
- LTM
- duration lasts for a lifetime
- Bahrick et al. 1975
- 392 graduates of an american high school
- recognition group
- shown a photo of all their class mates and given a group of names and asked to select the correct name
- 90% correct after 14 years, 80% after 25 years, 75% after 34 years and 60% after 47 years
- recall group
- asked to name the names of the people in the photos
- 60% after 7 years 20% after 47
- evaluation
- used meaningful stimulus material,can be related to everyday life, high ecological validity
- not clear whether the drop off in accuracy is due to limits of duration or decline in memory with age
- some participants may remember the classmates from previous trials (interference)
- the people with a better memory by chance may of been put into the recognition group
- high mundane realism, natural experiment
- opportunities for people to strengthen the memory trace (have contact with classmates or look over photographs themself
- conclusion: face and name recognition are rarely forgotten when recognition cues are given
- factors affecting duration in LTM
- people have a better long term recall when given cues to just being asked to recall
- depth of learning
- the memory is easier to recall is it was leant better, strong memory trace (regular rehearsal)
- STM
- recall group
- asked to name the names of the people in the photos
- 60% after 7 years 20% after 47
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