Routes of drug administration
- Created by: sadlergeorgia
- Created on: 20-04-15 18:58
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- Drug administratio-n
- Oral
- most frequently used route of drug administration
- solid dose forms
- tablet or capsules
- high degree of stability
- accurate dosage
- tablet or capsules
- most problematic
- unpredictable nature of gastro-intestinal drug absorption
- extent to which patients can tolerate forms varies
- many drugs not stable in liquid formation
- difficulties frequently arise with modified-release preparations
- must not be crushed or broken at point of administration
- may cause toxicity or sub optimal treatment
- must not be crushed or broken at point of administration
- Sublinqual (under tongue)
- sublingual mucosa offers a rich supply of blood vessels which drugs can be absorbed through
- not a common administration route
- offers rapid absorption into systemic circulation
- most common is GTN spray for acute angina
- 'wafer' tablets that dissolve rapidly
- aimed at markets where taking tablets may be problematic
- migraine (rizatriptan)
- nausea may deter patients from taking tablets
- migraine (rizatriptan)
- given where compliance with prescribed drug regimens may be problematic e.g. olanzapine to treat schizophrenia
- Rectal
- considerable disadvantages in terms of patient acceptability in UK
- unpredictable drug absorption
- localised drug delivery into large bowel
- rectal steroids
- enemas
- suppositories
- treatment of inflammatory bowel disease
- rectal steroids
- antiemetics for nausea and vomiting
- paracetamol given to treat patients with pyrexia whoa re unable to swallow
- Topical
- applied directly to intended site of action
- systemic circulation not reached in great concentration
- risk of systemic side-effects reduced
- eye drops to treat glaucoma
- topical steroids in management of dermatitis
- inhaled bronchodilator-s in treatment of asthma
- insertion of pessaries to treat vaginal thrush
- introducing drugs into systemic circulation
- transdermal patches
- creams / ointments
- sprays / inhalers
- Parenteral
- injection
- intramuscular
- subcutaneous
- intraveinously
- drugs that are ineffective when given orally can be given this way
- needs trained staff to administer
- aseptic technique required
- Intraveinousl-y
- greatest risk
- directly into systemic circulation
- immediate onset
- administration frequently complex
- requires calculations
- may need programmable infusion devices
- preparation requires aseptic technique
- quickest way of administering drugs
- hardest to rectify if mistakes are made
- Intramuscula-r or subcutaneou-s
- allows gradual release
- can alter formulation of drug to influence period of which it is released over
- injection
- Self administratio-n
- if patient is capable of opening medication and reading advice on how to take it, they should be encouraged to do so
- in a hospital - playing a central part in their drug treatment
- staff can monitor if education is needed
- Oral
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