Drug therapy
- Created by: Mbegum
- Created on: 29-12-18 11:23
View mindmap
- Drug Therapy
- Assumptions
- Medical model
- mental illness = like physical illness
- characterised by cluster of symptoms
- treated via direct manipulation of bodily processes
- characterised by cluster of symptoms
- mental illness = like physical illness
- Neurotransmitters
- changes in brain NT's = affect emo + behav
- psycho therapeutic drugs
- changes in brain NT's = affect emo + behav
- Localisation of brain function
- drugs target specific regions of brain
- regions = invl in mental disorder
- limbic system = regulated emotions
- disturbed limbic system = affects mood + behav
- limbic system = regulated emotions
- regions = invl in mental disorder
- drugs target specific regions of brain
- Medical model
- Main components
- Antipsychotic drugs
- treat psychotics mental disorders e.g scz
- psychotic patient = lost touch w/ reality
- Typical APs
- combat +ive symptoms of scz
- Atypical APs
- temp occupy dop receptors
- rapidly dissociate = normal transmission
- fewer side effects e.g tardive dyskinesia
- rapidly dissociate = normal transmission
- temp occupy dop receptors
- treat psychotics mental disorders e.g scz
- Antidepressant drugs
- depression = low serotonin
- antidepressants = reduce rate of re-absorption
- Or block enzyme breaking down NT
- therefore increase serotonin
- Or block enzyme breaking down NT
- antidepressants = reduce rate of re-absorption
- Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
- block transporter mechanism that reabsorbs serotonin
- more serotonin in synapse = longer transmission
- block transporter mechanism that reabsorbs serotonin
- depression = low serotonin
- anti-anxiety drugs
- benzodiazepines
- slow down activity of CNS
- enhance activity of GABA
- GABA = body's natural form of anxiety relief
- enhance activity of GABA
- slow down activity of CNS
- beta blockers
- reduce activity of adrenaline + noradrenaline = body's response to stress
- bind to receptors of cells stimluated during sympathetic arousal e.g heart
- harder to stimulate cells
- heart beats w/ less force + slower
- reduce blood pressure
- Person = less stressed + calmer
- reduce blood pressure
- heart beats w/ less force + slower
- harder to stimulate cells
- bind to receptors of cells stimluated during sympathetic arousal e.g heart
- reduce activity of adrenaline + noradrenaline = body's response to stress
- benzodiazepines
- Antipsychotic drugs
- Effectiveness
- Drugs VS Placebo
- measure effectiveness of drug = via randomised control trial
- Soomro et al
- reviewed use of SSRIs for OCD
- SSRIs = more effective VS placebo
- reduce OCD symptoms upto 3 months
- SSRIs = more effective VS placebo
- reviewed use of SSRIs for OCD
- Kahn et al
- 250 patients for 8 weeks
- BZs s.f superior VS placebo
- 250 patients for 8 weeks
- Koran et al
- most studies are only 3/4 months
- little long term data exists
- most studies are only 3/4 months
- Soomro et al
- measure effectiveness of drug = via randomised control trial
- Side Effects
- many drugs have *** side effects
- (Soomro et al) nausea + headaches + insomnia
- tricyclic antidepressants = irregular heartbeat
- used when SSRI = ineffective
- tricyclic antidepressants = irregular heartbeat
- (Soomro et al) nausea + headaches + insomnia
- many drugs have *** side effects
- Symptoms not cause
- drugs = effective in treating symptoms
- doesn't address underlying cause
- drugs = short term relief
- long-term = revolving door syndrome
- disorder never cured
- long-term = revolving door syndrome
- drugs = short term relief
- doesn't address underlying cause
- drugs = effective in treating symptoms
- Compared to other treatments
- drugs = cheap (via NHS) + easy to administer
- to monitor progress = less time invested by physician
- more efficient VS psychotherapy
- to monitor progress = less time invested by physician
- drugs = cheap (via NHS) + easy to administer
- Drugs VS Placebo
- Ethical Issues
- Patient information
- lack of valid consent
- patients = difficulty remembering side effects + facts of drug
- valid consent = illusion
- patients = difficulty remembering side effects + facts of drug
- medical professions
- withold or exaggerate info
- fail to inform about alternatives
- due to the quick fix nature of drugs
- fail to inform about alternatives
- withold or exaggerate info
- lack of valid consent
- Use of placebos
- no patient should be given treatment known to be inferior
- instead of placebos = use effective treatment as control
- however still exposes patient to inferior treatment = trial drug could be inferior
- instead of placebos = use effective treatment as control
- no patient should be given treatment known to be inferior
- Patient information
- Assumptions
- Typical APs
- combat +ive symptoms of scz
Comments
No comments have yet been made