Forensics - DNA
- Created by: Ashlee
- Created on: 30-04-15 17:55
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- DNA
- any cell in a nucleus
- white blood cells/semen/saliva
- large molecule and prone to degradation
- enhancement techniques available
- forensic profiling
- short tandem repeats (STR's)
- measures the exact number of repeating nucleotide units of a microsatellite
- polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
- amplify a single copy or a few copies of a piece of DNA across several orders of magnitude, generating thousands to millions of copies of a particular DNA sequence
- junk DNA
- DNA that doesn't code for anything/make protein
- phenotype vs genotype
- phenotype = physical appearance due to inheritance
- the dominant alleles e.g. brown eyes
- genotype = genetic makeup of the specific characteristic of a cell/individual
- the dominant and recessive alleles that make up a characteristic e.g. BB is brown eyes, Bb is brown eyes and bb is blue eyes
- phenotype = physical appearance due to inheritance
- presumptive testing
- short tandem repeats (STR's)
- success rates
- blood 93%; saliva 76%; semen 81%; hair with root 53%; tissue 50%; cellular material 26-30%
- depends on quantity, quality and interpretation difficulties
- profiling methodology
- SGM+
- second generation multiplex plus
- analyses 10 short tandem repeat markers and gender indicators for 28 cycles
- DNA SenCE
- enhancement for small samples
- cleans and concentrates
- LCN
- = low copy number
- able to get data from small or degraded samples
- 34 cycles
- MtDNA
- mitochondrial DNA - passed down from mother
- YSTR's
- short tandem repeat on the Y chromosome
- when dealing with sexual assualts
- the DNA of both man and female could mix
- females have no Y chromosome
- the DNA of both man and female could mix
- DNA17
- improved discrimination, sensitivity and comparability
- 32 DNA components and a gender identifier
- SGM+
- cell free DNA
- touch DNA
- transferred nucleated cells
- free running nucleic acids in sweat
- sloughed skin cells
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