DNA, genes and chromosomes
- Created by: Margaret Hobart
- Created on: 15-05-21 15:03
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- DNA, genes and chromosomes
- prokaryotic cells
- no nucleus
- DNA is short, circular and not associated with proteins
- DNA isn't around histones - it condenses to ft in the cell by super coiling
- eukaryotic cells
- DNA in the nucleus
- DNA is linear, long and is associated with proteins called histones
- DNA and histones form a chromosome
- mitochondria dn chloroplasts contain DNA without histones
- most of the DNA doesn't code for proteins
- exon = coding sequence within a gene
- intron = non-coding sequence within a gene
- larger regions have repeats of bases between genes
- genes
- a base sequence of DNA
- codes for amino acid sequence of a polypeptide , or a functional RNA
- Found at a specific position on a DNA molecule
- locus
- amino acid sequence
- primary structure of a protein
- different polypeptides have different order, number of amino acids
- the order of bases determine the amino acid
- triplet code
- to make a polypeptide DNA is copied into mRNA
- the order of bases determine the amino acid
- functional RNA
- RNA molecules (other than mRNA) which perform special tasks during photosynthesis
- alleles are different versions of the same gene
- the order of bases in each alley is slightly different, so they code for slightly different versions of the same polypeptide
- genetic code
- degenerate
- multiple triplets code for 1 amino acid
- universal
- each triplet codes for the same amino acid in all organisms
- non-overlapping
- base triplets don't share bases
- degenerate
- a base sequence of DNA
- prokaryotic cells
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