DNA and RNA
- Created by: rhiglynn
- Created on: 01-03-16 12:02
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- DNA and RNA
- DNA and RNA are nucleic acids, that are found in all living cells which both carry information.
- DNA is used to store genetic information- which an organism needs to grow and develop
- RNA is similar to DNA in structure. One of its main functions is to transfer genetic information from the DNA to the ribosomes.
- Ribosomes are the body's 'protein factories'- they read the RNA to make polypeptides in a process called translation
- RNA themselves are made from RNA and proteins
- Both RNA and DNA are polymers of nucleotides.
- The sugar in DNA is called deoxyribose
- Four possible bases, Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine and Guanine.
- The sugar in RNA is called ribose
- Four possible bases Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine and Guanine
- The sugar in DNA is called deoxyribose
- Nucleotides join together to form polynucleotides
- The bond between the phosphate group and the sugar is called phosphodiester bond
- Formed by a condensation reaction
- The chain of sugars is known as the sugar-phosphate backbone
- The bond between the phosphate group and the sugar is called phosphodiester bond
- DNA is made up of two polynucleotide chains in a double helix structure.
- Two DNA polynucleotides join together by hydrogen bonding between the bases.
- Two hydrogen bonds form between A and T and three form between C and G
- RNA is made from a single polynucleotidechainn ajd
- Two DNA polynucleotides join together by hydrogen bonding between the bases.
- DNA and RNA are nucleic acids, that are found in all living cells which both carry information.
- First observed in the 1800's but doubted due to its simplicity. Argued information should be carried by proteins which are more chemically varied
- By 1953, experiments proved that DNA was the carrier of genetic materials. This was the same year that the double-helix structure was determined by Crick and Watson
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