DNA AND CELL DIVISION
- Created by: geogt002
- Created on: 31-05-16 16:21
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- DNA AND CELL DIVISION
- Chromosomes are made from DNA.
- genes are short sections of DNA.
- mitosis- a type of cell division that creates genetically identical cells.
- sexual reproduction- when a male gamete fuses with a female gamete to produce a new cell. It is called fertilisation.
- gametes produced by meiosis ( another type of cell division). Gametes contain a single set of chromosomes, whereas body cells contain 2 sets.
- DNA
- Molecules are large and complex. they carry a genetic code that determines the genetic characteristics of a living thing.
- apart from twins everyone's DNA is unique. This is why people can be identified using DNA fingerprinting.
- genes
- A short section of DNA. each gene codes for a specific protein by specifying the order in which amino acids must be joined together.
- Chromosomes
- found in a cells nucleus.. made from long DNA molecules. contain cells genetic information. usually found in pairs.
- MITOsis
- the process in which body cells divide.
- the genetic material is copied.
- the cell divides once to from 2 genetically identical body cells.
- occurs during growth or to prodcue replacement cells.
- gametes
- cells in the reproductive organs (testes/sperm and ovaries/eggs) divide to form gametes. they are sex cells
- they contain 1 set of genetic information but body cells contain 2. meiosis produces them.
- fertilisation
- the joining/ fusion of male and female gametes.. when it happens a single body cell with new pairs of chromosomes are formed. the new cell then divides and divides by mitosis. this eventually forms a new individual.
- differntiation
- when cells become specilised for a particular function. cannot chnage into different types. in animals it is uuslally for replacemnt and repair.
- stem cells
- to form different types of cell. e.g. nerve cells.
- humans: come from embryo and bone marrow.
- stem cell treat ment.
- potential to be used to treat parkinson's and and paralysis. but there are social and ethical issues concerning this.
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