Disease Dilemmas 2. Is there a link between disease and levels of economic development?
- Created by: DanBish
- Created on: 07-05-22 13:55
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- Is there a link between disease and levels of economic development?
- How rising standards of living, including access to food, clean water and
sanitation, impact upon susceptibility to disease and influence a
country’s epidem-iological transition
- Epidem-iological transition
- Age of pestilence and famine - Pre-industrial societies, low life expectancy, poor sanitation
- Age of receding pandemics - Industrial societies with advances in medical tech, diet and hygiene, epidemics causing large-scale mortality become rare
- Post-industrial societies - Rate of mortality slackens. Further improvements in tech, hygiene + living standards mean infectious disease mortality is rare
- Epidem-iological transition
- The reasons why LIDCs have a higher prevalence for communicable
diseases (diseases of poverty) and ACs have a higher prevalence for
noncommunicable diseases (diseases of affluence)
- LIDCs
- Com-municable diseases dominate mortality in the poorer countries
- Water-borne diseases such as cholera, typhoid and polio
- Inadequate food intake gives rise to undernutrition and malnutrition, weakening the immune system, increasing risk of infection
- Water pollution mainly caused by lack of proper sanitation and hygiene, with polluted water from water wells and surface streams provides a disease reservoir for cholera, typhoid and diarrhoea
- ACs
- Non com-municable diseases like CVD and cancer dominate mortality and morbidity in ACs
- Com-municable diseases largely eliminated due to medical diagnoses and treatments
- Com-paratively healthy populations, long average life expectancies
- Prolonged life expectancy inevitably increases the proportion of deaths and illnesses connected to degenerative diseases and old age
- Overnutrition and excessive consumption of sugar, carbs, fats and salt are increasing the risks and prevalence of non-com-municable diseases like CVD, type-2 diabetes and cancers
- LIDCs
- Air pollution in India
- Causes
- Fuel and biomass burning
- Emissions standards
- Traffic congestion
- Greenhouse gas emissions
- National and global solutions
- Anti-pollution legislations
- Subsidies for petrol and diesel will be scrapped
- Restrictions placed on the burning of stubble in fields
- Countries have set targets of emission reduction to reach
- Causes
- How rising standards of living, including access to food, clean water and
sanitation, impact upon susceptibility to disease and influence a
country’s epidem-iological transition
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