Digestive System and enzymes
- Created by: Abc312
- Created on: 08-05-18 20:33
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- Human Digestive System and Enzymes
- The digestive system is an organ system.
- They work together to absorb and digest food.
- Enzymes can be simply shown with a lock and key theory
- The induced fit model is how enzymes actually work as when the substrate attaches the active site binds to in=t for a tighter fit.
- The three enzymes are
- Lipase
- Breaks down lipids(fats and oils)
- Into glycerol and fatty acids
- It is made in:
- The pancreas
- The small intestine
- Active in:
- Small intestine
- Breaks down lipids(fats and oils)
- Protease
- Breaks down proteins
- Into Amnio acids
- It is made in:
- The stomach (pepsin)
- The pancreas
- The small intestine
- Active in:
- Stomach
- Small intestine
- Breaks down proteins
- Amylase (a type of carbohydrase)
- Breaks down starch
- Into Maltose and other sugars.
- It is made in:
- The salivary glands
- The pancreas
- The small intestine
- Active in:
- The mouth
- The small intestine
- Breaks down starch
- Lipase
- Enzymes speed up the rate of chemical reactions.
- They remain unchanged after the reaction.
- Enzymes are large proteins made up of chains of amino acids.
- Each enzyme has a specific active site where the substrate fits into.
- Every enzyme works best at a specific temperature and pH.
- A higher temperature increases the rate of reaction at first but if it is too high the active site denatures and the substrate won't fit anymore.
- Most enzymes work best at pH 7 but pepsin works best at pH 2 in the stomach.
- Investigating EnzymaticReactions
- You can look at how pH affects enzyme rate of reactions.
- You need to use the same temperature water for each test.
- Put a drop of iodine into every spot in a spotting tile.
- Add 1cm3 of amylase solution and then 1cm3 of buffer solution of certain pH.
- Put the test tube in the water for 5 minutes so it gets to the correct temperature.
- Add 5cm3 of starch solutions the tube and start a stopwatch.
- Every 30 seconds take a sample with a pipette and place in a spot in the tile.
- When the iodine doesn't turn black it means starch is no longer present so then record the time.
- Repeat with different pH values.
- When the iodine doesn't turn black it means starch is no longer present so then record the time.
- Every 30 seconds take a sample with a pipette and place in a spot in the tile.
- Add 5cm3 of starch solutions the tube and start a stopwatch.
- Put the test tube in the water for 5 minutes so it gets to the correct temperature.
- Add 1cm3 of amylase solution and then 1cm3 of buffer solution of certain pH.
- Put a drop of iodine into every spot in a spotting tile.
- You need to use the same temperature water for each test.
- You can look at how pH affects enzyme rate of reactions.
- Digestive enzymes break down food into smaller soluble molecules that can be absorbed into the bloodstream.
- The body uses the products of digestion to make new carbohydrates, proteins and lipids some of the glucose is used in respiration.
- Bile
- Bile is produced in the liver
- It is stored in the all bladder
- It works in the small intestine
- The hydrochloric acid in the stomach makes it too acidic for the enzymes in the small intestine to work.
- Bile neutralises the acid and makes the conditions alkaline so the enzymes can work properly.
- Bile emulsifies fats which makes it into smaller droplets
- This increases the surface area meaning the lipase enzyme has more to work on
- Parts of the digestive system
- Salivaryglands
- Produce amylase in the saliva
- Stomach
- Pummels the food with muscular walls
- Produces pepsin (protease)
- Produces hydrochloric acid to kill bacteria and the give the right pH for pepsin
- Liver
- Bile is produced
- Gall bladder
- Bile is stored
- Pancreas
- Produces protease, amylase and lipase.
- Small Intestine
- Produces protease, amylase and lipase
- Where digested food is absorbed into the bloodstream
- Large intestine
- Excess water from food is absorbed
- Rectum
- Where faeces is stored before leaving through the anus
- Salivaryglands
- The digestive system is an organ system.
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