Chemistry AS DF 6 - 10
- Created by: A.B.
- Created on: 01-12-13 17:25
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- DF Pollution from Cars SL DF 6 - DF 10
- Production and Effects of Pollutants from Petrol
- Unburnt Hydrocarbons
- Evaporative emissions and incomplete combustion
- Contributes to formation of photochemical smog, causing respiratory problems
- Evaporative emissions and incomplete combustion
- Carbon Monoxide
- Incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons
- Toxic to us, it decreases the uptake of oxygen by the blood
- Reduced by catalytic converters and oxygenates but this means carbon dioxide is increased.
- Toxic to us, it decreases the uptake of oxygen by the blood
- Incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons
- Carbon dioxide
- Complete combustion of hydrocarbons
- Causes the greenhouse effect and global warming
- Hydrogen is the only petrol alternative which doesn't produce carbon dioxide.
- Causes the greenhouse effect and global warming
- Complete combustion of hydrocarbons
- Nitrogen Oxides
- Nitrogen from the air reacts with oxygen from the air in the heat of the engine
- Contributes to formation of photochemical smog, causing respiratory problems. Causes acid rain
- Reduced by catalytic converters but this means carbon dioxide is increased. Also reduced in lean burn engines but this may mean unburnt hydrocarbonsare increased.
- Contributes to formation of photochemical smog, causing respiratory problems. Causes acid rain
- Nitrogen from the air reacts with oxygen from the air in the heat of the engine
- Sulphur Oxides
- Sulphur in the petrol reacts with oxygen in the air in the heat of the engine
- Causes acid rain which erodes limestone buildings and damages forests and lakes.
- Low sulphur petrol can be produces by desulphurisation
- Causes acid rain which erodes limestone buildings and damages forests and lakes.
- Sulphur in the petrol reacts with oxygen in the air in the heat of the engine
- Unburnt Hydrocarbons
- Alternative fuels for Car Engine
- Diesel
- Not sustainable
- Less CO produced than from petrol engine,already sold at petrol stations
- HOWEVER Produces more NOx and particulates than a petrol engine; particulates can irritate lungs.
- Less CO produced than from petrol engine,already sold at petrol stations
- Not sustainable
- LPG or autogas
- Not sustainable
- Less CO, CO2, unburnt hydrocarbons and NOx than petrol engine, petrol engines easily converted
- HOWEVER Needs to be stored under pressure so that it is liquid
- Less CO, CO2, unburnt hydrocarbons and NOx than petrol engine, petrol engines easily converted
- Not sustainable
- Ethanol
- Possibly not sustainable, large amounts of energy needed for cultivating sugar cane for fermentation
- Less CO, SO2 and NOx than car engine; ethanol has a high octane number; sugar cane absorbs more CO2 in growth
- HOWEVER highly flammable
- Less CO, SO2 and NOx than car engine; ethanol has a high octane number; sugar cane absorbs more CO2 in growth
- Possibly not sustainable, large amounts of energy needed for cultivating sugar cane for fermentation
- Biodiesel
- Can be made form waste plant and animal oil and fats so renewable but fossil fuels may be used as an energy source in production
- Living things have absorbed CO2; it is biodegradable; less CO, CxHy, SO2 and particulatesthan from diesel engine
- HOWEVER NOx emissions higher than a diesel engine
- Living things have absorbed CO2; it is biodegradable; less CO, CxHy, SO2 and particulatesthan from diesel engine
- Can be made form waste plant and animal oil and fats so renewable but fossil fuels may be used as an energy source in production
- Hydrogen
- Only sustainable if the electricity needed for electrolysis of water is from renewable source such as a solar cell.
- Water is the only waste product of combustion
- Highly flammable; high pressure fuel tank needed to store it as a liquid.
- Water is the only waste product of combustion
- Only sustainable if the electricity needed for electrolysis of water is from renewable source such as a solar cell.
- Diesel
- Production and Effects of Pollutants from Petrol
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