Developments in communications and Transport
- Created by: K4typ
- Created on: 01-06-18 14:52
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- Developments in communications and
Transport
- Revolutionary 1792-1802
- Mostly on foot and by horse
- Most nations reliant on wagon trains
- some use of Waterways and canals but susceptible to attack
- or enemies could build fortresses
- horse powered postal service
- Napoleonic 1803-1815
- Franco- Austrian War 1859
- Railway used by French to transport 120,000 men to battlefield in northern Italy in less than two weeks,
- Austrians marched 3 or 4 miles a day.
- The French 70,000 men by steamship
- American Civil War 1861-65
- electic telegraph
- Railway used to transport troops and rail guns, a number of battles fought around key rail centers Chattanooga and atlanta
- after 1st Battle of Bull Run Union appointed McCullum as director of Military railways
- ensured wagons where emptied quickly to avoid clogging
- after 1st Battle of Bull Run Union appointed McCullum as director of Military railways
- North
had better rail network
Baltimore + ohio rail
company had 30,000 miles of track only 9000 in confederate territory
- HOWEVER disadvantage as troops where tied down protecting railways from Guerrilla attacks
- Battle of 1st bull run 1861 confeds brought troops in by rail
- Sherman in sweep south his army was supplied by a single rail route of 3 lines covering 500 miles from louisana to atlanta supplied army of 100,000 men and 32,000 horses for 196 days. 1864
- WW1 1914-1918
- field telephones sped up communication from HQ to Front line
- Gave
Germany advantage through ww1 à
large numbers of troops quickly to an
area near Aachen on Belgium border. To
start Schlieffen plan.
- Russia
advantage over rivals. Agreed army would
have 1st call on rail network when it was needed
- WW1 1914-1918
- field telephones sped up communication from HQ to Front line
- Gave
Germany advantage through ww1 à
large numbers of troops quickly to an
area near Aachen on Belgium border. To
start Schlieffen plan.
- Russia
advantage over rivals. Agreed army would
have 1st call on rail network when it was needed
- Crucial in Prussian victory of 1866 over Austria. Able to deliver force of 250,000 over 300 miles using 5 separate line.
- Russia
advantage over rivals. Agreed army would
have 1st call on rail network when it was needed
- Combustion engine had potential to deliver large numbers of troops to front but engine unreliable could only be used on roads which where built.
- London buses used to take soliders to front + Parisian taxi’s to take troops to Marne. 1914
- still heavy reliance on horses although mostly used for transport purposes
- horses used in cavalry charge at the battle of mons 1914
- people still dependent on runners in ww1
- Crucial in Prussian victory of 1866 over Austria. Able to deliver force of 250,000 over 300 miles using 5 separate line.
- WW1 1914-1918
- Russia
advantage over rivals. Agreed army would
have 1st call on rail network when it was needed
- Combustion engine had potential to deliver large numbers of troops to front but engine unreliable could only be used on roads which where built.
- London buses used to take soliders to front + Parisian taxi’s to take troops to Marne. 1914
- still heavy reliance on horses although mostly used for transport purposes
- horses used in cavalry charge at the battle of mons 1914
- people still dependent on runners in ww1
- WW2 1939-45
- development of Radar
- Proved crucial in the battle of Britain 1940
- improvements. To aeroplanes tanks and motor vehicle. With co-ordinated use of technology
- Development seen in Blitzkrieg by D
forces
Rapid
movement depended on coordination made
possible by improvements in communications
- Poland 1939 coordinated attack Blitzkrieg
- Radio in aeroplanes, troop transporters and tanks.
- development of Radar
- Austro-Prussian War 1866
- Crimean War 1853-56
- Use of railways allowed supplies to be taken up the hill from the port of Balaclava
- First use of telegraph led to greater impact from public opinion
- Russia lack of railways meant it was unable to transport troops --> loosing the war
- railways could move troops 15 times faster than marching speed
- Revolutionary 1792-1802
- Semaphore signalling system 1792
- sped up communication between front and paris
- With a line from Paris to Lille Allowed one sign to be sent in 5 minutes.
- Revolutionary 1792-1802
- Mostly on foot and by horse
- Most nations reliant on wagon trains
- some use of Waterways and canals but susceptible to attack
- or enemies could build fortresses
- horse powered postal service
- sped up communication between front and paris
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