Development

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  • DEVELOPMENT AND HUMAN WELFARE
    • DEFINITION
      • A  complex multi strand process and improvement of quality of life
        • Quality of Life = General Wellbeing of individuals and societies.
        • Standard of Living = Level of wealth, comfort, material goods availiable in  a certain socioeconomic area
    • DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS
      • GDP
        • Gross Domestic Product
      • GNI
        • Gross National Income
      • INFANT MORTALITY RATE
        • Ratio of children that survive birth.
      • LIFE EXPECTANCY
        • How long a person is expected to live.
      • DEATH RATE
        • Number of deaths per 1000 populationper year.
      • HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX
        • Made up of Literacy Rate, Life Expectancyand GDP. Indicates Quality of Life.
      • BIRTH RATE
        • Number of children born per 1000 population per year
      • GNP
        • Gross National Product
    • CLASSIFICATION OF COUNTRIES
      • MICS
        • Middle Income Countries
      • LICS
        • Low Income Countries
        • Ethiopia
      • BRICS
        • Brazil Russia India China
        • Rapidly Emerging Economies
      • HICS
        • High Income Counties
          • UK
    • DEVELOPMENT GAP
      • CAUSES
        • Colonial rulers initiated the gap; suppressed LIC's into growth of Primary sector rather than developing.
        • Natural disasters / lack of resources depending on location / corrupt government / lack of FDI (foreign direct investment)
      • SOLUTIONS
        • More FDI / Support from IGO's eg. WHO to LIC's / Universal Education to prevent brain drain / Global Partnership development / Free or Fair Trade
        • IMF (international monetary fund) relieving debt  to encourage economic stability / NGO and IGO aid / Environmental Stability
    • RAPID POPULATION GROWTH
      • CONSEQUENCES
        • High Employment Rates
        • Strain on Medical Services
        • Low Law Enforcement to population ratio = high crime rates
        • Not enough housing
    • AID
      • BILATERAL
        • Government to Government with conditions - repayments expected
      • MULTILATERAL
        • Multiple people to one organisation eg. World Bank, then distributed
      • VOLUNTARY (NGO)
        • Charity eg. Oxfam. Figures are less. No political ties = more flexible. Bottom-Up Approach
      • EFFECTIVE
        • HumanitarianRelief / Supports Economic & Social Parties / Encourages Development/ Improves Skills of Locals to decrease independence / Provides external Resources
      • INEFFECTIVE
        • Creates dependancy / Postpones improving economic management/ Reduces agricultural prices = increase poverty / unpredictable / inappropraitetechnology
  • Advance & Emergent = Decreasing Gap
    • CHANGING
      • DEVELOPMENT GAP
        • CAUSES
          • Colonial rulers initiated the gap; suppressed LIC's into growth of Primary sector rather than developing.
          • Natural disasters / lack of resources depending on location / corrupt government / lack of FDI (foreign direct investment)
        • SOLUTIONS
          • More FDI / Support from IGO's eg. WHO to LIC's / Universal Education to prevent brain drain / Global Partnership development / Free or Fair Trade
          • IMF (international monetary fund) relieving debt  to encourage economic stability / NGO and IGO aid / Environmental Stability
      • Advanced & Awakening = Not changing
      • Emergent & Stangnant Economy = Increasing Gap
  • CONSEQUENCES
    • High Employment Rates
    • Strain on Medical Services
    • Low Law Enforcement to population ratio = high crime rates
    • Not enough housing

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