Détente
- Created by: Aimee
- Created on: 14-05-13 13:23
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- Détente
- Causes
- Fear of war
- Cuban Missile crisis 1962- highlighted danger of nuclear war threat
- Sophisiticated weapons/delivery systems
- 1969- USSR and USA matched capability for MAD- strategic parity
- USSR Needs
- Peaceful.C continued under Brezhnev
- Security interests more important than ideological
- USA perceived weaker during Vietnam
- USSR= more parity in nuclear weapons= negotiate deals from position of strength
- wanted to stabilise E.Europe + acceptance of sov sphere of Influence
- Sino-Soviet split- didn't want USA involved if conflict w/China
- Domestic pressures: economics, divert resources for living standards
- access to western technology +grain
- USA Needs
- Vietnam=re-evaluation of power and f.policy
- Domestic = high inflation+budget deficit
- w.europe= greater independence- De Gaulle withdrew Fr from NATO ('66)
- Right wing politics= weaker due to Vietnam= detente could be pursued
- influence of industrial-military complex would be reduced
- Social reforms needed but lack of resources
- Social unrest= 1968 riots
- Social reforms needed but lack of resources
- detente= resources invested in commerce and financial services(W.E=rival)
- European Needs
- Political instability - Prague Spring, Paris Riots
- Ostpolitik= new links with E.Germany.
- Objectives: -Recognise E.germany and negotiate w/GDR, settle border with Poland
- Basic Treaty of 1972- existence of E. Germany accepted, trade links agreed
- Basic Treaty of 1977: normalise/settle relations between FDR and GDR
- 1973: FRG and GDR members of UN
- Kissinger: did not want to be marginalised from influence in Europe
- USA Needs
- Vietnam=re-evaluation of power and f.policy
- Domestic = high inflation+budget deficit
- w.europe= greater independence- De Gaulle withdrew Fr from NATO ('66)
- Right wing politics= weaker due to Vietnam= detente could be pursued
- influence of industrial-military complex would be reduced
- Social unrest= 1968 riots
- detente= resources invested in commerce and financial services(W.E=rival)
- USA Needs
- Objectives: -Recognise E.germany and negotiate w/GDR, settle border with Poland
- More to be gained ec+pol fro negotiation
- Fear of war
- Successes of Détente
- SALT I (1972): Nixon's visit to China accelerated talks =pressure for USSR to sign
- Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (1963) + Non-Proliferation Treaty(68)= agreements to limit nuclear arms
- armaments had increased, many agreements ignored
- ABM Treaty 1972 - 2 systems each
- Interim Treaty- limits on ICBM's and SLBMs
- Basic Principles Agreement = coonduct of N. Warfare 'utmost to avoid mil confrontations and exercise restraint
- SALT= high point, Nuclear parity accepted, equal status - both gained
- SALT II: Signed by Carter and Brezhnev
- Helsinki Accords 1975
- 33 states from NATO + Warsaw Pact
- 1. borders of European countries inviolable= Soviet Bloc accepted
- Trade and technology exchanges = links across iron curtain
- Human Rights (initial reluctance but accepted) - undermine hold of repressive regimes?
- Failures of Détente
- Both sides had different weapon systems= which included?
- Different technologies not included- new powerful techs developing
- SALT II- rejected by Senate in 1980 not ratified concession to USSR, technical
- SALT II: Signed by Carter and Brezhnev
- Invasion of Afghanistan = expansionism, arms and defence spending increased under Carter and Reagan, ^hostility
- Little actually achieved- HR, ussr violating Helsinki
- conflict in Developing world- expansionism= renewed distrust and suspicion
- Moz+Eth- USSR supporting civil wars- carter sent weapons to Nicuaragua+El Salvador
- US Domestics: Detente weak+giving up , return to containment and determinst approch or Reagan
- Recovered from Viet humiliation
- Had allowed sovs to make gains and catch up= danger to security
- Brezhnev ill - decision making slow , divisions in USSR, wanted to increase weapons for support in dev world
- armaments had increased, many agreements ignored
- Causes
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