Detente

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  • Detente
    • SUPERPOWER DETENTE
      • Moscow Summit, May 1972
        • ABM treaty and Interim Agreement on the Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms were finalised
          • limited to 2 fields of ABMs, one set up around the capital and the other to protect ICBMs
          • less ICBMs for USA
          • Less SLBMs for USA
          • more strategic bombers for USA
        • Basic Principles
        • impact of summit
          • recognised state parity, the foundation of detente for the USSR
          • too many wide ranging lasting agreements was required
      • Vladivostok Summit, Nov 1972
        • problems implementing SALT II
          • US & USSR disagree on what Surface-to-air missiles are
            • USSR- cruise missiles
            • USA- ballistic missiles
          • Kissenger faced great criticism/ opposition
          • Brezhnev rejected the new proposals
        • what did Carter propose?
          • aimed to achieve more ambiguous SALT II
          • substantially reducing the levels of heavy ICBMs
          • new limitations on testing
          • ban on new typesof ICBMs
        • why was Brezhnev not happy
          • viewed this agreement as binding
          • carter was acting in an unacceptable manner
          • disproportinate reduction of soviet arms
          • feeling that USA was moving away from detente
      • Vienna Summit, June 1979
        • limit stategic offensive arms to 2250 by 1981 and reduce excess
        • ICBMs & SLBMs limited to 2400
        • ICBMs & SLBMs equippe with MIRVs and ASMBs with MIRVs not to exceed 1200
    • EUROPEAN DETENTE
      • Treaty of Moscow, 1970
        • mutual agreement between West Germany and USSR
          • abandoned dreams of reunification
        • recognition of borders
        • both USSR and Germany are happy
        • abandonment of the Hallstein Doctrine
      • Treaty of Warsaw, 1970
        • formal recognition of Oder-Neisse line as border of Poland and Germany
      • Four Power Agreement, 1971
        • USA, USSR, France, Britain
        • recognition between 4 powers of 2 states within one German nation
        • only possible due to Ulbricht being replaced by Honecker
        • legal basis given to travel access routs from west Germany to west Berlin
      • Basic Treaty, 1972
        • Hallstein Doctrine was redundant
        • West Germany accepts existence of East Germany as seperate state
        • allowed East Germany to be recognised by other European powers
      • Helsinki Accords, 1975
        • 35 participating countries
        • Basket 1
          • borders could not be altered by force
          • official recognition of European borders
        • Basket 2
          • break down cultural barriers in the Cold War divide
          • incrreased trade between East & West
        • Basket 3
          • human rights and individual freedom
          • encourage the freer movement of people, information, ideas
          • West hoped it would undermine Soviet Control
        • Position of the US
          • did not want to accecpt the political status quo in Eastern Europe
          • greater cooperation between east and west put NATO at risk
        • Position of the USSR
          • wanted post-war borders recognised
          • more interested in Basket 1&2 but was prepared to sign the agreement despite Basket 3
    • IMPROVED RELATIONS WITH CHINA
      • meetings and visits
        • 1971 American Table Tennis team were invited to China
        • 1971 Kissenger visited Beijing for talks with Zhou
        • Feb 1972 Nixon visited China and condemned Soviet Imperialism
        • Shanghai Communique
      • Taiwan and UN issue
        • USA should cease to aid Taiwan military
        • USA acknowledged Taiwan was part of China
        • 1971 Taiwan expelled from security council of UN
        • by 1978 the USA had given diplomatic recognition to communist regime in China
      • Trade and economic ties
        • trade and travel restrictions were relaxed
        • trade developed from $5 million to $500 million

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