Sociology family/household demography
- Created by: Georgia
- Created on: 19-04-13 08:37
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- Demography
- Births
- Birth rate= the number of live births per 1000 of the population per year
- Decline in Birth rate- 1900 England's rate was 28.7, in 2007 it was 10.7
- Baby booms: 1920s, 1940s, and 1960s
- Total Fetility Rate= the average number of chldren women will have in their fertile years (15-44)
- Decxline in Fertility rate
- These changes in Fertility and Birth rates show that more women are remaining childless than before and women are postponing having children
- Reasons for the decline
- Changes in the position of women
- Women now see a life apart from the traditional role of housewife/mother
- Can pursue a career
- More access to abortion and reliable contraception
- Women now see a life apart from the traditional role of housewife/mother
- Decline in Infant Mortality rate
- Infant Mortality Rate= the number of infants who die before their first birthday, per thousand babies born alive, per year
- Before families used to have more children to replace the ones who died
- Infant Mortality Rate has fallen due to: improved housing/sanitation, better nutrition, improved services for women and children etc
- Infant Mortality Rate= the number of infants who die before their first birthday, per thousand babies born alive, per year
- Children have become an economic liability (before they were able to earn wages)
- Child centredness- parents now have fewer children but lavish more attention on these few
- Changes in the position of women
- Effects of the chnages in fertility
- Smaller familes mean that more women can go out to work
- Dependency Ratio= the relationship between the size of the working population and the size of the non-working part of the population
- Fall in number of children reduces the 'burden of dependency'
- Public Services and Policies are affected eg fewer schools needed
- Reasons for the decline
- Birth rate= the number of live births per 1000 of the population per year
- Deaths
- Decline in Death Rate
- Reasons for the Decline
- Improved Nutrition
- McKeown (1972) found that improved nutrition accounted for up to half the reduction in death rates
- However, this doesnt explain why females live longer (they usually recieve a smaller share of food)
- McKeown (1972) found that improved nutrition accounted for up to half the reduction in death rates
- Medical Improvements
- Public health measures eg Clean Air Acts
- Social changes eg decline of dangerous jobs like mining
- Improved Nutrition
- Reasons for the Decline
- The Ageing Population, there are fewer young people and more old people
- Effects of an aging population
- Public Services: older people consume a larger proportion of services such as health/social care
- One-person pensioner households: now 14% of all households
- The Dependency Ratio- increased burdern on working population
- Effects of an aging population
- Decline in Death Rate
- Migration
- Imigration= movement into an area or society
- Uk has always had more people leaving than arriving
- Emingration= movement out
- Net Migration= difference between the numbers of immgrating and the numbers of emmigrating
- Imigration= movement into an area or society
- Births
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