Dealing with offending behaviour- Custodial sentencing- A01
- Created by: MollyL20
- Created on: 02-11-21 10:40
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- Dealing with
offending behaviour- Custodial sentencing
- 1. Custodial sentencing is where an offender spends time in a prison or other institution as a punishment for their crime.
- The aims of
custodial sentencing: There are four
main aims.
- Deterrence is the idea that being in prison should be an unpleasant
experience, so should put off the offender from convicting a crime in the
future, and should put off would-be offenders from committing crimes in the
first place.
- This is based on the behaviourist idea of operant conditioning.
- Incapacitation is another aim, referring to the offender being taken out of society as they are a danger to the public, for example a serial killer.
- Retribution refers to making the offender suffer in some way, so they are seen
to be ‘paying’ for their crime
- The seriousness of the crime should be matched to an appropriately serious sentence
- Rehabilitation is the idea is to reform
the offender’s character so that they do not re-offend.
- This could be done through training and education inside of the prison.
- Deterrence is the idea that being in prison should be an unpleasant
experience, so should put off the offender from convicting a crime in the
future, and should put off would-be offenders from committing crimes in the
first place.
- Psychological
effects of custodial sentencing: The
main effects on those incarcerated include:
- Stress and depression, shown through much higher suicide and self-harm rates than in the general population.
- Institutionalisation, meaning that prisoners become accustomed to the prison way of life, making it hard for them to adjust to living on ‘the outside’.
- Prisonisation refers to the adoption of an ‘inmate code’, whereby certain behaviours usually seen as unacceptable are rewarded in the institution.
- Recidivism: Re-offending.
- In 2013 it was found that 57% of offenders in the UK will re-offend within one year of release from an institution, and some studies have shown figures as high as 70%..
- The UK and US have some of the highest rates of recidivism in the world, whereas in Norway rates are the lowest in Europe.
- Norwegian prisons place much more emphasis on rehabilitation than retribution, although they have been criticised for being too ‘soft’
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