Dadaism
- Created by: epearce1998
- Created on: 03-06-17 20:01
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- Dadaism
- Intro Points
- Response to WW1 and the death of 9 million people in it
- First war where industry had turned against humanity
- Emerged in Zurich as protest and in New York
- Ernst: 'attack on the civilization responsible for this imbecilic war'
- Rejection of culture and tradition, seen as associated with creators of war
- Dada child-like associations
- Hobby-horse in French
- Absurd in German
- Yes yes in Romanian
- Tzara 1918: 'Dada meaning nothing'
- Fascinated with workings of human mind
- Influence of Breton working as nurse and meeting soldier who thought war was fake
- Arp 'Collage with Squares...' (1916-17)
- Description
- Grey construction paper with cream and blue squares scattered on it
- Tore up pieces of paper and let them fall into place by chance
- Child-like collage
- Theoretically had no control over design, but other works elaborated with lines/ contours
- Harmony and balance-no scraps overlap, suggests some artistic intervention
- Context
- Began with wife Sophie to experiment with accident and automatism
- Drew same design everyday until hand automatically varied
- Influence of papier colle technique of Picasso and Braque
- Considered a progressive freedom for form - anti-art doing stuff for the sake of it
- No self-expression, skill or decisions of the artist
- Emphasis on rational what was seen to have caused WW1
- And 'laws of chance' as to who got called up, died etc.
- Began with wife Sophie to experiment with accident and automatism
- Description
- Picabia 'The Fig Leaf' (1922)
- Description
- Enamel paint on canvas
- Correctly drawn silhouette of a man
- Elongated nose and upper lip
- Uneven canvas surface
- Painted over earlier work 'Hot Eyes' - caused scandal at 1921 Salon de Autumne
- Ironic censorship- obvious fig leaf across genitalia
- Translation wrong- actually a vine leaf
- Context
- Bad relations with Salon des Independants
- 2/3 works refused Jan 1922
- Signac says he was trying to seek publicity through controversial works
- Fig-leaf drawing attention to censorship in art
- Also shown in 'Spanish Night' using circular motifs in place of breasts
- Correctly drawn silhouette shows conservatism in art
- References reopening of Louvre in 1920
- Same pose as Oedipus and the Sphinx displayed in the Lourve
- But bends right leg rather than left so genitals are on show
- Elongated nose/lip referencing masks of Commedia dell'Arte - Italian traditions
- Critics ignored, and those who did notice it said it was dull and unamusing
- Bad relations with Salon des Independants
- Description
- Duchamp 'Fountain' (1917)
- Reactions/ Interpretations
- Seen as having phallic connotations
- "It is gross, offensive, there is such a thing as decency" -Bellows
- 'The Fountain may be a very useful object in it's place...but it is by no definition a work of art
- 'By creating the ready-made fountain, Duchamp was taking the ****'
- Norton: 'lines recalled classical Buddah's or the legs of Cezanne's nudes
- Taken out of context so loses meaning
- Viewer placed in place of urinating male - shock value
- Rejects position of artist - suggests anyone can be an artist
- Seen as having phallic connotations
- Description
- Porcelain made urinal
- Turned on side
- Signed R. Mutt and dated 1917
- Use of 'ready made' - ordinary object presented as art
- Context
- Duchamp leader of Avant Garde scene in Manhattan
- Didn't like organisation of art world
- Formed Dada as a anti-art reaction
- Urinal from Motte Iron Works plumbers shop
- Pseudonym R. Mutt references this
- Also reference to Mutte and Jeff cartoons - low art
- Mutt colloquialism for dog
- Richard slang for money bags
- Pseudonym R. Mutt references this
- Deliberately hid identity to test subjectivity of art
- Dismissed from Salon des Independants, classed as indecent
- Reactions/ Interpretations
- Intro Points
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