Cultural Variations in Attachment
- Created by: Kate
- Created on: 22-04-13 21:05
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- Cultural Variations in Attachment
- Bowlby's Theory
- Attachment is innate
- Should be the same everywhere
- Secure attachments should be the best and most common form of attachment
- Attachment is innate
- Van Ijzendoorn & Kroonenberg
- Meta analysis of 32 studies that used Strange Situation. 8 different conuntries
- Secure attachment was most common
- Insecure avoidant was most popular in Western Cultures
- Cross cultural similarities Common reaction to 'strange situation'
- Insecure Resistant was most popular in non-Western cultures
- Cross cultural similarities Common reaction to 'strange situation'
- Insecure Resistant was most popular in non-Western cultures
- Cross cultural similarities Common reaction to 'strange situation'
- Different upbringing in different cultures.
- Different attachments in different cultures.
- Strange situation might not be appropriate to study cross-culture attachment.
- Different attachments in different cultures.
- Support that attachment is an innate and biological process.
- Bowlby's Theory
- Attachment is innate
- Should be the same everywhere
- Secure attachments should be the best and most common form of attachment
- Attachment is innate
- Bowlby's Theory
- Meta analysis of 32 studies that used Strange Situation. 8 different conuntries
- Ainsworth's Uganda study
- Similarity in attachment behaviour
- Infants used their mothers as secure bases
- Securely attached infants showed greater sensitivity
- Led to increased competence and independence
- Mothers who were more sensitive to infants tended to have securely attached children
- Tronick et al.
- Efe from Zaire
- Extended family groups
- Infants breastfed by different women
- At 6 months showed primary attachment
- Efe from Zaire
- Fox
- Israeli Kibbutzim
- Communual Childrens home, looked after by nurses
- Strange situation used to test attachment type using nurses (metaplot) or mother.
- Equally attached to each caregiver, except on reunion when infant showed more attachmet to mother.
- Shows there is still one primary attachment, wven though care is shared.
- Equally attached to each caregiver, except on reunion when infant showed more attachmet to mother.
- Strange situation used to test attachment type using nurses (metaplot) or mother.
- Communual Childrens home, looked after by nurses
- Israeli Kibbutzim
- Grossman & Grossman
- German infants are generally classified to be insecure than securely attached
- Maybe due to different child rearing.
- German culture: keeping interpersonal distance beterrn parent and children
- Strange situation: no prozimity-seeking behaviours= insecurely attached
- German culture: keeping interpersonal distance beterrn parent and children
- Maybe due to different child rearing.
- German infants are generally classified to be insecure than securely attached
- Takahashi
- Strange situation. 60 middle class Japanese infants and mothers
- Similar secure attachment % as Ainsworths study in US
- No insecure avoidant. 32% insecure-resistant
- Very distressed when left alone, 90% of tests had to be stopped.
- Different childcare practices.
- Infants rarely away from mother.
- Insecurely attached.
- Infants rarely away from mother.
- Similar secure attachment % as Ainsworths study in US
- Strange situation. 60 middle class Japanese infants and mothers
- Conclusion
- Strongest attachments formed with mother
- Different patterns of attachment can be related to culture
- Bowlby's Theory
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