cromwell's fall
- Created by: valentina__calcagni
- Created on: 05-03-21 08:19
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- Main Reasons for Cromwell's Fall
- Heresy charges against Cromwell (factionalism)
- Catholic faction claimed he was plotting to introduce fully Protestant Church of England
- Found letters Cromwell had written to Protestant Germans - fabricated - but as he was closely associated with reformist beliefs, enough to convince H to pass an act of attainder
- Stephen Gardiner (Duke of Norfolk) and Thomas Howard most responsible for Cromwell's fall
- niece Catherine Howard ready to seduce Henry
- Speed and power of Catholic factions seen through the fact that H had 3 months prior made Cromwell an earl
- Catholic faction claimed he was plotting to introduce fully Protestant Church of England
- Foreign Situation
- F + S signed truce 1528 - left England isolated - fears of Catholic crusade after Henry's excommunication 1538
- To solve this, Cromwell arranged marriage between King and Anne (sister of Duke of Cleves in Germany
- She arrived in England 1539 - H said she looked horrendous and demanded for the marriage to be cancelled
- To solve this, Cromwell arranged marriage between King and Anne (sister of Duke of Cleves in Germany
- Fiasco weakened relationship with Henry - had already started being unhappy with Cromwell's religious changes
- But, H had made Cromwell Earl of Essex 1540 - 3 months before execution - still had King's favour despite all this?
- Catholic faction more important?
- But, H had made Cromwell Earl of Essex 1540 - 3 months before execution - still had King's favour despite all this?
- F + S signed truce 1528 - left England isolated - fears of Catholic crusade after Henry's excommunication 1538
- Henry VIII
- Had been publicly embarrassed by Cromwell and had become infatuated with young Catherine Howard (19 vs 49)
- Married Catherine same day Cromwell was executed
- Had been publicly embarrassed by Cromwell and had become infatuated with young Catherine Howard (19 vs 49)
- Class hatred (enemies at Court)
- Nobles hated those of not noble blood, although many had benefitted from dissolution of monasteries (land distributed)
- Even more agonising when Cromwell was giving them orders and watching them (JPs) - wasn't properly part of the Church (unlike Wolsey)
- Did less than Wolsey to antagonise nobility into disliking him - but jealousy of his growing status immanent
- Even more agonising when Cromwell was giving them orders and watching them (JPs) - wasn't properly part of the Church (unlike Wolsey)
- Protestant reformers saw Cromwell as an ally
- Maintaining powerful allies was key to Cromwell's position
- Nobles hated those of not noble blood, although many had benefitted from dissolution of monasteries (land distributed)
- Religious Changes
- Reformist changes that Cromwell implemented caused hatred from catholic faction
- Leanings towards Protestantism - strongly agreed with Luther's policies
- Charged with heresy due to this - seen as the architect of reformation (not King) and changes to Catholicism
- Cromwell himself
- Scheming, unscrupulous tyrant who would use force to achieve
- e.g secret informers to spy on potential enemies - JPS' activites
- Or was he just invaluable to Henry when drafting and shushing legislation through parliament 1531-5
- Scheming, unscrupulous tyrant who would use force to achieve
- Heresy charges against Cromwell (factionalism)
- Even more agonising when Cromwell was giving them orders and watching them (JPs) - wasn't properly part of the Church (unlike Wolsey)
- Did less than Wolsey to antagonise nobility into disliking him - but jealousy of his growing status immanent
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