STRAIN & SUBCULTURAL THEORIES OF CRIME
- Created by: mizpehsardar
- Created on: 10-10-19 17:34
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- Strain & Subcultural Theories
- Subcultural Theories
- Cloward & Ohlin
- Conflict
- develop in areas where adolescents have little opportunity gang violence results
- Criminal
- emerge in areas with established pattern of adult crime
- Retreatist
- some lower class adolescents form subcultures around illegal drug use failed at success
- Evaluation
- haven't provided convincing explanation for every type of delinquency
- fail to recognise crossover between subcultures
- Taylor, Walton & Young some subcultures aren't reacting to their own failure reject norms values of mainstream society
- haven't provided convincing explanation for every type of delinquency
- Conflict
- Stanley Cohen
- Status Frustration
- working class feel they are denied status in mainstream society
- react by developing delinquent subcultures
- gives working class youth opportunity to gain status among peers
- react by developing delinquent subcultures
- working class feel they are denied status in mainstream society
- Evaluation
- Matza's study found most young delinquents weren't committed to delinquent values
- Matza
- 3 problems blaming social structure
- seek to predict delinquent not all wc are delinquent
- make deviant seem different species than everyone else
- ignores free will as if social forces determine behaviour
- delinquent behaviour often driven by subterranean values
- techniques of neutralisation
- denial of victim
- denial of injury
- condemnation of condermners
- denial of responsibility
- appeal to higher loyalties
- techniques of neutralisation
- Evaluation
- Matza ignores Hispanic gangs which are actively criminal and permanent
- 3 problems blaming social structure
- Matza
- weakness is he assumes working class youth develop delinquent values as a reaction to what they can't achieve
- strength is that explains working class delinquency as a group response rather than focusing on individual
- Matza's study found most young delinquents weren't committed to delinquent values
- Status Frustration
- Miller
- wc create different value system as a response to monotony of wc jobs
- wc subculture is mechanism of processes allowing wc to cope with their situation
- wc create different value system as a response to monotony of wc jobs
- Cloward & Ohlin
- Strain Theories
- Merton
- ritualism
- innovation
- retreatism
- conformity
- rebellion
- strain theory generates anomie and deviance
- anomie is the loss of shared and guiding principles and norms
- there is a strain between
- the cultural goals of a society
- legitimate means to achieve them
- Deviance serves 3 functions
- unites a group
- clarifies rules
- promotes social change
- Evaluation
- Albert Cohen they suggest we should see deviance as collective response to structurally imposed problems
- not everyone accepts the American Dream not all have same opportunity or want for wealth or success
- treats deviant response as the action of individuals
- fails to consider the communal aspects of deviant subculture
- individually motivated doesn't account for non-utilitarian crimes
- fails to consider the communal aspects of deviant subculture
- Merton
- Subcultural Theories
- Durkheim
- crime is an inevitable feature of society
- Functionaism
- potential threat to social order but still necessary in society
- strengthens collective consensus
- acts as a 'safety valve'
- enables social change
- acts as a warning device
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