Creating a Welfare Ste 1951-79
- Created by: alex_bmth
- Created on: 16-03-17 12:34
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- Creating a welfare state 1951-79
- Social Welfare
- Changing Attitudes
- Younger people were less inclined to endorse the collectivist thinking that had emerged from the depression and WW2.
- Supported policies favouring the individual rather than the community as a whole.
- Many criticised welfare claimants as 'scroungers', irrespective of circumstances
- Large sections of the working class were aspirational, aiming to increase their standard of living, buy their own homes and enjoy consumerism.
- They had little sympathy for policies that meant higher taxes.
- When Margaret Thatcher became Conservative leader in 75, she embraced the New Right thinking on welfare, hoping to appeal to aspirational voters.
- Younger people were less inclined to endorse the collectivist thinking that had emerged from the depression and WW2.
- Funding / Economics
- Due to the terms of the 1976 IMF loan, Labour gov had to retrench and cut the welfare budget.
- New consensus that Britain could no longer provide welfare 'from the cradle to the grave'
- Former consensus replaced by a new one of reduced welfare provision.
- New consensus that Britain could no longer provide welfare 'from the cradle to the grave'
- Due to the terms of the 1976 IMF loan, Labour gov had to retrench and cut the welfare budget.
- Changes
- Many felt it was wrong for taxpayers to pay for welfare.
- Many argued welfare caused people to be dependent on benefits.
- Thought people wouldn't want to find work & would rather recieve benefits.
- Changing Attitudes
- Education
- Universities
- 1963 ROBBINS REPORT warned Britain was being overtaken by other countries in terms of Uni performance.
- Recommened goal of five times more student places by 1980.
- Open University opened in 1971 as an institution based on distance learning, poeple could study at home.
- Conservative & Labour reduced funding for uni's due to retrenchment policies.
- Number of uni students continued to grow, due to rising population, expectations & continued grants and tuition fees.
- 1963 ROBBINS REPORT warned Britain was being overtaken by other countries in terms of Uni performance.
- Comprehensives
- Allowed everyone education of some form.
- Intended to offer what Labour PM Harold Wilson called 'grammar schools for all.'
- First Comprehensive opened in Kidbrooke 1954.
- They were flexible, offered greater variety of courses with more resources.
- CROWTHER REPORT 1959: Raise school leaving age to 16.
- Create country colleges for post 16 education & create more technical colleges.
- Developing more sixth form courses.
- Create country colleges for post 16 education & create more technical colleges.
- NEWSOM REPORT 1963: Schools develop curricula suitable for all pupils, not just academic ones.
- Links between deprivation and poor educational attainment should be investigated more thouroughly.
- Social Mobility
- Extension of uni education funded by the taxpayer had dramatic impact on Britain's social mobility.
- Opened up professions to bright students who may not otherwise have had the opportunity to study.
- This extended the opportunity for more to rise beyond their background, however, the costs were huge and lead to retrenchment by the 1980's.
- Opened up professions to bright students who may not otherwise have had the opportunity to study.
- Extension of uni education funded by the taxpayer had dramatic impact on Britain's social mobility.
- Universities
- Healthcare
- Challenges
- There had been little investment in modernising NHS hospitals.
- Little done to tackle inequalities of provision.
- Attempts to remedy this were only partly successful.
- Increasing demand on NHS resources as new treatments developed.
- Lead to rising expectations and growing costs.
- Government spent less on health than other European countries.
- Lead to rising expectations and growing costs.
- Improvements in treatment
- More vaccinations available universally.
- Vaccinations for TB, polio,
- First kidney transplant in 1960 at Edinburgh Royal Infirmary.
- Contraceptive pill contributed to female sexual freedom.
- First full hip replacement carried out in 62, first heart transplant in 68 in London.
- The CT scanner invented in 72, standard equipment for hospitals = improved patient care.
- More vaccinations available universally.
- Funding
- When Thatcher was elected in 79, Conservative party remained committed to providing an NHS.
- Conservatives maintained Labours level of spending and significantly increased it during early 60's.
- Challenges
- Social Welfare
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