covalent bonding
- Created by: will
- Created on: 19-10-13 15:31
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- Covalent bonding.
- molecules are formed when two or more atoms bond together.
- Cl2
- CO
- H2O
- C2H5OH
- Covalent bonding is the sharing of a pair of electrons, so both atoms have a full outer shells of electrons.
- Both the positive nuclei are attracted to the shared pair of electrons through an electrostatic attraction.
- In an electron density map showing covalent bonding you can see an area of high electron density between two atoms.
- This provides evidence for covalent bonding because it shows the sharing of electrons.
- Covalent bonds can be sigma bonds.
- Hydrogen atoms have one electron in their 1S orbital
- When two hydrogen atoms join to make a H2 molecule their orbitals overlap to make a sigma bond.
- the orbitals overlap in a straight line. this gives the highest possible electron density between the two muclei.
- This is known as a single covalent bond and is represented H-H
- the orbitals overlap in a straight line. this gives the highest possible electron density between the two muclei.
- When two hydrogen atoms join to make a H2 molecule their orbitals overlap to make a sigma bond.
- Hydrogen atoms have one electron in their 1S orbital
- Covalent bonds can be Pi bonds.
- Pi bonds are formed when two electrons in the P orbital overlap.
- Pi bonds are less tightly bound to the nuclei than a sigma bond. this means Pi bonds are weaker and molecules containing this bond are more reactive.
- This is known as a double bond.
- O=C=O
- This is known as a double bond.
- Pi bonds are less tightly bound to the nuclei than a sigma bond. this means Pi bonds are weaker and molecules containing this bond are more reactive.
- Pi bonds are formed when two electrons in the P orbital overlap.
- Dative covalent bonding is where both electrons come from the same atom.
- molecules are formed when two or more atoms bond together.
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