covalent bonding

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  • Created by: umar2312
  • Created on: 01-05-17 18:20
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  • Covalent Bonding and Properties
    • A covalent bond is a bond that involves the sharing of pairs of electrons.
      • Covalent bonding occurs when pairs of electrons are shared by atoms. Atoms will covalently bond with other atoms in order to gain more stability.
      • A polar covalent bond is formed when two non-metallic elements have a significant difference in the electronegativities such that the bonding electrons are not being shared equally
      • Pure covalent bonds exist when there is no difference between the two atoms sharing the electrons, the electronegativities is the same.
      • Discrete Covalent Molecule- the molecule is made up of atoms held together by covalent bonds. Melting/boiling points are determined by intermolecular forces. With discrete molecules, the only such forces are weak hence relatively low melting/boiling points.
      • Covalent bonding involves non-metallic elements
    • All covalent networks have very high melting points and boiling points and like ionic compounds they are hard, crystalline solids.
    • Almost all covalent substances, both elements and compounds, are gases, liquids or soft solids with with low melting points
    • Covalent networks have very high melting points whereas discrete molecules have low melting points.
      • Covalent networks are always insoluble in water whereas some discrete covalent molecules  are soluble in water.

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