B3 Topic 1(Control systems)
A mind map to use for the upcoming Biology B3 exam in June.
- Created by: Joe Clarkson
- Created on: 25-04-13 19:31
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- Control systems
- The Kidneys
- Excretion
- Remove urea (excess amino acids)
- Adjust ion levels
- Nephron
- Ultrafiltration
- Bowman's capsule membrane
- Glomerulus
- Water, urea, ions, glucose
- Bowman's capsule membrane
- Glomerulus
- Water, urea, ions, glucose
- Water, urea, ions, glucose
- Glomerulus
- Bowman's capsule membrane
- Water, urea, ions, glucose
- Glomerulus
- Bowman's capsule membrane
- Reabsorbtion
- 1st convoluted tubule
- Glucose against conc. gradient
- Collecting duct
- Water based on ADH (NEGATIVE FEEDBACK)
- 1st convoluted tubule
- Release of wastes
- Ureter > Bladder > Urethra
- Ultrafiltration
- Kidney Failure
- Dialysis
- Filters blood mechanically
- Dialysis fluid
- Same level of salts and glucose
- Less water, urea and ions so they can filter out
- Permeable membrane
- Same level of salts and glucose
- Permeable membrane
- Dialysis fluid
- Filters blood mechanically
- Transplant
- Only 'cure'
- Can be rejected
- To avoid = similar tissue type and immune suppressing drugs
- Causes antibodies to attack the foreign antigens and kill
- Dialysis
- Excretion
- Menstruation and reproduction
- Gametes
- Sperm (X or Y)
- Tails = mobility
- Mitochondria = energy (respiration)
- Acrosome = enzymes that digest membrane
- Egg (X)
- Cytoplasm = nutrients
- Egg changes structure of membrane to prevent extra soerm
- Sperm (X or Y)
- Cycle
- Day 1 = menstruation
- Day 4-14 = uterus lining builds
- Day 14 = ovulation
- Day 14-28 = uterus lining maintained
- Hormones
- FSH (1)
- Causes follicle to mature in ovaries
- Stimulates Oestrogen
- Oestrogen (2)
- Causes uterus lining thickening
- High level = LH surge
- LH (3)
- Stimulates ovulation
- Follicle = corpus luteum which secretes progesterone
- Progesterone
- Maintains uterus lining
- Prevents the production of LH and FSH
- Low level correspond to oestrogen = uterus break down and FSH increase
- FSH (1)
- Chromosomes and diseases
- Gender
- Male = XY
- Sperm (X or Y)
- Tails = mobility
- Mitochondria = energy (respiration)
- Acrosome = enzymes that digest membrane
- Sperm (X or Y)
- Female = **
- Egg (X)
- Cytoplasm = nutrients
- Egg changes structure of membrane to prevent extra soerm
- Egg (X)
- Male = XY
- Sex linked disease
- All X diseases are shown in male as there a Y chromosome is smaller than an X
- Only X chromosomes are shown to be ressesive or dominant in a punnett squat
- Examples
- Colour blindness
- Hemophilia
- Gender
- Gametes
- Daily rhythms and plant drugs/disease
- Drugs from plants
- Aspirin (WILLOW) - treat pain
- Taxol (PACIFIC YEW) - anti cancer
- Quinine (CHINCHONa TREE) -malaria treatment
- Pests reduce crop yield
- Weeds steal nutrients
- Pests eat
- Pathogen consume energy
- Increase cost of producing food (pesticides etc...)
- Daily rhythms
- Circadian (24hr biological process)
- Controlled internally but influenced by the enviroment
- Human types
- Patterns of behavior (sleeping/eating)
- Chemical (hormone production)
- Physiological= body temperature
- Plant examples
- Stomata opening
- Flower opening
- Photoperiodic (Respond to changes in day length
- Reproduction (Open flowers at right time)
- Germination (Begin to grow when days are longer
- Circadian (24hr biological process)
- Drugs from plants
- The immune system
- Bacteria produce really quickly (double by splitting in half)
- Pasteur showed that microbes cause decay and disease
- Pasteurisation
- Rapid heating and cooling (70 C)
- Aseptic technique (reduce contamination)
- curved neck flask
- Pasteurisation
- Cells
- White blood cells
- B-lymphocytes (Produce antibodies)
- Memory lymphocyte
- B-lymphocytes (Produce antibodies)
- White blood cells
- Immunity
- Dead or harmless pathogen injected
- Memory lymphocytes produced
- Faster response from immune system
- Memory lymphocyte
- Faster response from immune system
- Memory lymphocytes produced
- Jenner used cowpox to immunize against smallpox
- Exposed boy to cowpox then smallpox
- Pro = Eradicate and prevent spread of disease
- Con = Doesn't always work and can have bad reaction
- Dead or harmless pathogen injected
- The Kidneys
- Adjust water levels
- Excretion
- Remove urea (excess amino acids)
- Adjust ion levels
- Excretion
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