Control punishment and victims
- Created by: maddieecarr
- Created on: 10-06-22 09:39
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- Control, punishment and victims
- Approaches to crime prevention
- Right realist
- Situational crime prevention (Clarke)
- A preemptive approach which relies on reducing opportunities for crime to be committed
- Increase risk and reduce reward for criminals
- Use of target hardening measures
- A preemptive approach which relies on reducing opportunities for crime to be committed
- Environmental crime prevention (Wilson and Kelly)
- Broken window thesis
- Deal with small/petty crime to prevent spiral of degeneracy
- Improve the environment immediately ; zero-tolerance
- Situational crime prevention (Clarke)
- Left realist
- Social/ community crime prevention
- Tackle the root causes of crime and employ long term strategies and multiagency approach
- Poverty
- Unemployment
- Marginalisation
- Tackle the root causes of crime and employ long term strategies and multiagency approach
- Social/ community crime prevention
- Right realist
- Types of social control
- Informal
- Things which mimic formal SC but have no legal consequence
- Grounding by parents
- Detention at school
- Things which mimic formal SC but have no legal consequence
- Formal
- Things punishable or enforceable by law
- Prison
- Fines
- Caution
- Things punishable or enforceable by law
- Informal
- Theories of punishment
- Functionalist
- Punishment is key in upholding social solidarity and the reinforcement of shared values
- Retributive justice vs restitutive justice
- Punishment is key in upholding social solidarity and the reinforcement of shared values
- Marxist
- The role of prisons is changing over time and is now a reformer itself
- Punishment is key to maintain the social order and defends the ruling class
- Functionalist
- Victimology
- Positivist
- Aims to identify factors which produce victimisation patterns
- Focus on interpersonalcrimes of violence
- Identify victims which contribute to their own victimisation
- Critical
- Structural factors which identify greater risk of victimisation
- The power of the state to apply or deny victim label
- Victim patterns
- Class - poorest groups most likely to be victims
- Gender - males more likely tom be victims. Females more likely to be victims of sexual crimes
- Age - young people are most at risk. Victimisation declines with age
- Ethnicity - minorities more likely to be victims
- Victim surveys e.g British crime survey / Crime surveys of England and Wales
- Provide evidence for crimes which are not shown in the dark figure
- Positivist
- Approaches to crime prevention
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