Consequences of Stalin’s programme of modernisation
- Created by: book.of.wisdom
- Created on: 12-01-21 12:18
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- Consequences of Stalin’s programme of modernisation
- City dwellers
- During first 5YP – urban population rises from 32.5 million to 38.7 million
- Cities are increasing by average 200,000 a month
- Housing provision fails to keep pace, most sleep in military-style barracks
- Shortages in urbanwater, shops & transport due to demand
- Few consumer goods such as clothes and radios
- Regular queuing outside shops
- Health care and education improved
- Literacy became high priority- public libraries were now available
- Women
- 10 million women entered the workforce in this period (from 1930)
- 21% of building workers were women
- 72% of health care workers were women
- Women still tend to be less well paid, less literate & less involved in technical/ political education
- 10 million women entered the workforce in this period (from 1930)
- Professional workers
- Late 20s see the development of ‘red specialists’
- Those with highly developed technical skills and socialist outlook
- Standard of living for many highly skilled workers increased
- Especially when wage differentials were introduced
- If you were ambitious you could become one of the new class foremen, supervisors, technicians or managers
- Late 20s see the development of ‘red specialists’
- Industrial workers
- ‘Quicksand society’ in which many workers regularly moved jobs
- Caused a huge turnover in labour
- Decree of control over workers increases
- By 1938, internal passports and ’labour books’ compulsory
- Skilled & semi-skilled workers offered extra rations & premium housing, as in huge shortage
- High rates of absenteeism as many peasants resent being forced into industrial jobs & lifestyle
- Workers had strict targets
- Were fined if they did not meet them
- ‘Quicksand society’ in which many workers regularly moved jobs
- Kulaks & dispossessedpeasants
- They were Stalin's chosen victims in his modernisation of agriculture
- Used as forced labour to boost industrialisation
- Were originally disposed of and sent to inhospitable areas to build up urban life
- Managers
- Managers forced into bribery & corruption to reach targets & satisfy workers
- Managers could get items like clothing and luxuries in the official Communist Party shops
- An elite of comparatively wealthy people was developing in secret
- Totally against the theories of Communism and the wishes of Lenin
- City dwellers
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