Conformity: Asch's research

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  • Created by: IvyVega
  • Created on: 19-02-18 17:27
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  • Conformity: Asch's research
    • Key study 1: Asch (1951) conformity research
      • Procedure
        • Solomon Asch recruited 123 American male students.
          • Each was tested individually with a group of between six and eight confederates.
        • On each trial participants identified the length of a standard line.
        • On the first few trials confederates gave correct answers but then all selected the same wrong answers.
          • Each participants completed 18 trials.
            • On 12 critical trials confederates gave the wrong answer.
      • Findings and conclusion
        • The naive participants gave a wrong answer 36.8% of the time.
          • This shows a high level of conformity, called the Asch effect, the extent to which people conform even in a unambiguous situation.
        • There were considerable individual differences:
          • 25% of the participants never gave the wrong answer, so 75% conformed at least once. A few participants conformed most of the time.
        • Most participants said they conformed to avoid rejection and continued to privately trust their own opinions.
    • Key study 2: Asch (1955) variables affecting conformity
      • Procedure
        • Group size
          • The number of confederates varied between 1 to 15
        • Unanimity
          • Asch introduced a truthful confederate or a confederate who was dissenting but inaccurate
        • task difficulty
          • Asch made the line- judging task harder by making the stimulus line and the comparison lines more similar in length
      • findings and conclusion
        • Group size
          • With two confederates, conformity to the wrong answer was 13.6%
            • with three it rose to 31.8%
            • adding any more confederates made little difference
        • unanimity
          • the presence of a dissenting confederate reduced conformity
            • whether the dissenter was giving the right or wrong answer.
            • The figure was 25% wrong answers.
            • having a dissenter enabled a naïve participant to behave more independently
        • Task difficulty
          • conformity increased when the task was more difficult.
          • So informational social influence plays a greater role when the task becomes harder.
          • the situation is more ambiguous, so we are more likely to look to others for guidance and assume they are right.

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