Communication Protocols

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  • Communicate Protocols
    • TCP/IP
      • - general purpose standard protocol that allows networked computers to communicate with eachother whatever their equpment.
        • - specifies how individual signals are sent over the internet and provides the transport and routing for the data.
          • - originally designed for the inter but proved flexible and isu sed by the majority of networking systems.
            • - reduces the need for special gateways to convert the signals into different protocols and allows easy connection to the internet.
              • - splits the data into small packets which may be sent, or ourted, using different physical network links.
    • Ethernet
      • - common general purpose LAN.
      • - provides physical connection between computers.
      • different types of computers can use the same ethernet.
      • - Uses wire connection, wireless links or fibre optic cable.
      • consist of groups of computers linked to switches; these switches are then linked together to form the LAN.
    • CSMA/CD
      • - Method of managing data traffic on a LAN
      • - Individual computers are responsible for waiting for the network to be free before sending a message.
        • - If 2 messages are sent at the same time, collision occurs.
          • - Network interface in each computer watches all messages being sent over the network and waits if it detects a message being transmitted.
            • - if no traffected detected, any message awaiting transmission can then be sent.
              • - severaly computers may be waiting to transmit messages, if they do at the same time, corruption will result.
                • - the network interfaces detect this corruption, and are designed to wait for a short time before trying again.
    • Token Passing
      • - a signal that asses around a token ring netowkr, thought of as a carrier for the packet of data.
      • - a data packet must be attached to a token to travel around a ring network.
      • - the data packet travels around the ring attached to the token until it is taken off at the destination address or it returns unread to the sender, where it is taken off as unread.
        • - token becomes free + continues round the ring ready to have another packet attached to it.
          • - token continually circulates around the ring picking up, carrying and dropping packets off.
    • WI-FI
      • - a way of connecting computers to a network by wireless, via radio waves.
      • - each computer has a Wi-Fi wireless interface that connects to a wireless access point attached to the network.
    • Bluetooth
      • - a short range wireless communications standard that uses low-power radio waves.
      • - allows bluetooth equipped devices to communicate with other devices ina peer-to-peer relationship.
      • - if 1 of the devices is a computer, then it can act as a gateway onto a network.
    • VoIP
      • - a method of using the internet to make 'ordinary' voice telephone calls
      • - digitised speed is just data can can be sent over the internet as with any other data.
      • - it is possible for this data to be transmitted fast enough to allow two-way conversations
    • RFID
      • - radio frequency identification device.
      • - uses a small tag that can respond to a sensor operating at a short distance
      • - a radio message is sent to the RFID rag
        • - uses a small tag that can respond to a sensor operating at a short distance
        • - it is received, modified by a silicon ship in the tag, returned and deciphered by the sensor.
  • - this is a method of avoiding data packets colliding on the ring and creating unreadable signals.

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